CXCL8
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the CXC chemokine family and is a major mediator of the inflammatory response. The encoded protein is commonly referred to as interleukin-8 (IL-8). IL-8 is secreted by mononuclear macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, T lymphocytes, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts. It functions as a chemotactic factor by guiding the neutrophils to the site of infection. Bacterial and viral products rapidly induce IL-8 expression. IL-8 also participates with other cytokines in the proinflammatory signaling cascade and plays a role in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). This gene is believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of the lower respiratory tract infection bronchiolitis, a common respiratory tract disease caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The overproduction of this proinflammatory protein is thought to cause the lung inflammation associated with csytic fibrosis. This proinflammatory protein is also suspected of playing a role in coronary artery disease and endothelial dysfunction. This protein is also secreted by tumor cells and promotes tumor migration, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. This chemokine is also a potent angiogenic factor. The binding of IL-8 to one of its receptors (IL-8RB/CXCR2) increases the permeability of blood vessels and increasing levels of IL-8 are positively correlated with increased severity of multiple disease outcomes (eg, sepsis). This gene and other members of the CXC chemokine gene family form a gene cluster in a region of chromosome 4q.
Full Name
C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8
Function
IL-8 is a chemotactic factor that attracts neutrophils, basophils, and T-cells, but not monocytes. It is also involved in neutrophil activation. It is released from several cell types in response to an inflammatory stimulus. IL-8(6-77) has a 5-10-fold higher activity on neutrophil activation, IL-8(5-77) has increased activity on neutrophil activation and IL-8(7-77) has a higher affinity to receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 as compared to IL-8(1-77), respectively.
Biological Process
Angiogenesis Source: UniProtKB
Antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide Source: UniProtKB
Calcium-mediated signaling Source: UniProtKB
Cell cycle arrest Source: UniProtKB
Cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus Source: UniProtKB
Cellular response to interleukin-1 Source: UniProtKB
Cellular response to lipopolysaccharide Source: BHF-UCL
Cellular response to tumor necrosis factor Source: UniProtKB
Chemokine-mediated signaling pathway Source: GO_Central
Chemotaxis Source: UniProtKB
Cytokine-mediated signaling pathway Source: Reactome
Embryonic digestive tract development Source: DFLAT
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Source: Reactome
Induction of positive chemotaxis Source: UniProtKB
Inflammatory response Source: GO_Central
Intracellular signal transduction Source: UniProtKB
Killing of cells of other organism Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of cell adhesion molecule production Source: ARUK-UCL
Negative regulation of cell population proliferation Source: ProtInc
Negative regulation of gene expression Source: ARUK-UCL
Negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB
Neutrophil activation Source: UniProtKB
Neutrophil chemotaxis Source: UniProtKB
PERK-mediated unfolded protein response Source: Reactome
Positive regulation of angiogenesis Source: CACAO
Positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of gene expression Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis Source: BHF-UCL
Receptor internalization Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of cell adhesion Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of entry of bacterium into host cell Source: AgBase
Regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate Source: UniProtKB
Response to endoplasmic reticulum stress Source: UniProtKB
Response to molecule of bacterial origin Source: BHF-UCL
Signal transduction Source: ProtInc
Cellular Location
Secreted
PTM
Several N-terminal processed forms are produced by proteolytic cleavage after secretion from at least peripheral blood monocytes, leukcocytes and endothelial cells. In general, IL-8(1-77) is referred to as interleukin-8. IL-8(6-77) is the most promiment form.
Citrullination at Arg-27 prevents proteolysis, and dampens tissue inflammation, it also enhances leukocytosis, possibly through impaired chemokine clearance from the blood circulation.
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Datasheet