FMN2

This gene is a member of the formin homology protein family. The encoded protein is thought to have essential roles in organization of the actin cytoskeleton and in cell polarity. This protein mediates the formation of an actin mesh that positions the spindle during oogenesis and also regulates the formation of actin filaments in the nucleus. This protein also forms a perinuclear actin/focal-adhesion system that regulates the shape and position of the nucleus during cell migration. Mutations in this gene have been associated with infertility and also with an autosomal recessive form of intellectual disability (MRT47). Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017]

Full Name

Formin 2

Function

Actin-binding protein that is involved in actin cytoskeleton assembly and reorganization (PubMed:22330775, PubMed:21730168).

Acts as an actin nucleation factor and promotes assembly of actin filaments together with SPIRE1 and SPIRE2 (PubMed:22330775, PubMed:21730168).

Involved in intracellular vesicle transport along actin fibers, providing a novel link between actin cytoskeleton dynamics and intracellular transport (By similarity).

Required for asymmetric spindle positioning, asymmetric oocyte division and polar body extrusion during female germ cell meiosis (By similarity).

Plays a role in responses to DNA damage, cellular stress and hypoxia by protecting CDKN1A against degradation, and thereby plays a role in stress-induced cell cycle arrest (PubMed:23375502).

Also acts in the nucleus: together with SPIRE1 and SPIRE2, promotes assembly of nuclear actin filaments in response to DNA damage in order to facilitate movement of chromatin and repair factors after DNA damage (PubMed:26287480).

Protects cells against apoptosis by protecting CDKN1A against degradation (PubMed:23375502).

Biological Process

Cellular response to DNA damage stimulus Source: UniProtKB
Cellular response to hypoxia Source: UniProtKB
Establishment of meiotic spindle localization Source: BHF-UCL
Formin-nucleated actin cable assembly Source: UniProtKB
Homologous chromosome movement towards spindle pole in meiosis I anaphase Source: BHF-UCL
Intracellular signal transduction Source: InterPro
Intracellular transport Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of apoptotic process Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of protein catabolic process Source: UniProtKB
Oogenesis Source: BHF-UCL
Polar body extrusion after meiotic divisions Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of double-strand break repair Source: UniProtKB
Protein transport Source: UniProtKB-KW
Vesicle-mediated transport Source: UniProtKB

Cellular Location

Nucleus; Nucleolus; Cell membrane; Cytoskeleton; Cytosol; Perinuclear region; Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane; Cell cortex. Colocalizes with the actin cytoskeleton (PubMed:20082305). Recruited to the membranes via its interaction with SPIRE1 (By similarity). Detected at the cleavage furrow during asymmetric oocyte division and polar body extrusion (By similarity). Accumulates in the nucleus following DNA damage (PubMed:26287480).

Involvement in disease

Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 47 (MRT47):
A disorder characterized by significantly below average general intellectual functioning associated with impairments in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period. MRT47 patients show delayed development, with cognition and speech more affected than motor skills.