GREM2

This gene encodes a member of the BMP (bone morphogenic protein) antagonist family. Like BMPs, BMP antagonists contain cystine knots and typically form homo- and heterodimers. The CAN (cerberus and dan) subfamily of BMP antagonists, to which this gene belongs, is characterized by a C-terminal cystine knot with an eight-membered ring. The antagonistic effect of the secreted glycosylated protein encoded by this gene is likely due to its direct binding to BMP proteins. As an antagonist of BMP, this gene may play a role in regulating organogenesis, body patterning, and tissue differentiation. [provided by RefSeq]

Full Name

gremlin 2, cysteine knot superfamily, homolog (Xenopus laevis)

Function

Cytokine that inhibits the activity of BMP2 and BMP4 in a dose-dependent manner, and thereby modulates signaling by BMP family members. Contributes to the regulation of embryonic morphogenesis via BMP family members. Antagonizes BMP4-induced suppression of progesterone production in granulosa cells.

Biological Process

Animal organ morphogenesis Source: GO_Central
Cytokine-mediated signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB
Embryonic body morphogenesis Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of cytokine activity Source: UniProtKB
Sequestering of BMP from receptor via BMP binding Source: GO_Central

Cellular Location

Secreted

Involvement in disease

Tooth agenesis, selective, 9 (STHAG9):
A form of selective tooth agenesis, a common anomaly characterized by the congenital absence of one or more teeth. Selective tooth agenesis without associated systemic disorders has sometimes been divided into 2 types: oligodontia, defined as agenesis of 6 or more permanent teeth, and hypodontia, defined as agenesis of less than 6 teeth. The number in both cases does not include absence of third molars (wisdom teeth). STHAG9 inheritance is autosomal dominant.

PTM

N-glycosylated.