PPP1CB

The protein encoded by this gene is one of the three catalytic subunits of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). PP1 is a serine/threonine specific protein phosphatase known to be involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes, such as cell division, glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility, protein synthesis, and HIV-1 viral transcription. Mouse studies suggest that PP1 functions as a suppressor of learning and memory. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq]

Full Name

protein phosphatase 1, catalytic subunit, beta isoform

Function

Protein phosphatase that associates with over 200 regulatory proteins to form highly specific holoenzymes which dephosphorylate hundreds of biological targets. Protein phosphatase (PP1) is essential for cell division, it participates in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility and protein synthesis. Involved in regulation of ionic conductances and long-term synaptic plasticity. Component of the PTW/PP1 phosphatase complex, which plays a role in the control of chromatin structure and cell cycle progression during the transition from mitosis into interphase. In balance with CSNK1D and CSNK1E, determines the circadian period length, through the regulation of the speed and rhythmicity of PER1 and PER2 phosphorylation. May dephosphorylate CSNK1D and CSNK1E. Dephosphorylates the 'Ser-418' residue of FOXP3 in regulatory T-cells (Treg) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, thereby inactivating FOXP3 and rendering Treg cells functionally defective (PubMed:23396208).

Biological Process

Cell cycleIEA:UniProtKB-KW
Cell divisionIEA:UniProtKB-KW
Circadian regulation of gene expressionISS:UniProtKB
Entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiodISS:UniProtKB
Glycogen metabolic processIEA:UniProtKB-KW
MAPK cascadeTAS:Reactome
Protein dephosphorylationISS:UniProtKB
Regulation of cell adhesionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Regulation of circadian rhythmManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB

Cellular Location

Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Nucleus, nucleoplasm
Nucleus, nucleolus
Highly mobile in cells and can be relocalized through interaction with targeting subunits. In the presence of PPP1R8 relocalizes from the nucleus to nuclear speckles.

Involvement in disease

Noonan syndrome-like disorder with loose anagen hair 2 (NSLH2):
A syndrome characterized by Noonan dysmorphic features such as macrocephaly, high forehead, hypertelorism, palpebral ptosis, low-set and posteriorly rotated ears, short and webbed neck, pectus anomalies, in association with pluckable, sparse, thin and slow-growing hair.