PLA2G4A

This gene encodes a member of the cytosolic phospholipase A2 group IV family. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids to release arachidonic acid which is subsequently metabolized into eicosanoids. Eicosanoids, including prostaglandins and leukotrienes, are lipid-based cellular hormones that regulate hemodynamics, inflammatory responses, and other intracellular pathways. The hydrolysis reaction also produces lysophospholipids that are converted into platelet-activating factor. The enzyme is activated by increased intracellular Ca(2+) levels and phosphorylation, resulting in its translocation from the cytosol and nucleus to perinuclear membrane vesicles. [provided by RefSeq]

phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium-dependent)

Has primarily calcium-dependent phospholipase and lysophospholipase activities, with a major role in membrane lipid remodeling and biosynthesis of lipid mediators of the inflammatory response (PubMed:7794891, PubMed:8619991, PubMed:8702602, PubMed:9425121, PubMed:10358058, PubMed:14709560, PubMed:16617059, PubMed:17472963, PubMed:27642067, PubMed:18451993).
Plays an important role in embryo implantation and parturition through its ability to trigger prostanoid production (By similarity).
Preferentially hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group attached at sn-2 position of phospholipids (phospholipase A2 activity) (PubMed:7794891, PubMed:8619991, PubMed:9425121, PubMed:10358058, PubMed:17472963, PubMed:18451993).
Selectively hydrolyzes sn-2 arachidonoyl group from membrane phospholipids, providing the precursor for eicosanoid biosynthesis via the cyclooxygenase pathway (PubMed:18451993, PubMed:7794891, PubMed:9425121, PubMed:10358058, PubMed:17472963).
In an alternative pathway of eicosanoid biosynthesis, hydrolyzes sn-2 fatty acyl chain of eicosanoid lysophopholipids to release free bioactive eicosanoids (PubMed:27642067).
Hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group attached at sn-1 position of phospholipids (phospholipase A1 activity) only if an ether linkage rather than an ester linkage is present at the sn-2 position. This hydrolysis is not stereospecific (PubMed:7794891).
Has calcium-independent phospholipase A2 and lysophospholipase activities in the presence of phosphoinositides (PubMed:12672805).
Has O-acyltransferase activity. Catalyzes the transfer of fatty acyl chains from phospholipids to a primary hydroxyl group of glycerol (sn-1 or sn-3), potentially contributing to monoacylglycerol synthesis (PubMed:7794891).

Arachidonic acid metabolic processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Arachidonic acid secretionIEA:Ensembl
Cellular response to antibioticIEA:Ensembl
Glycerol metabolic processIEA:UniProtKB-KW
Glycerophospholipid catabolic processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Icosanoid metabolic process1 PublicationNAS:UniProtKB
Leukotriene biosynthetic processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Monoacylglycerol biosynthetic processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-chain remodelingManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Phosphatidylcholine catabolic processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Phosphatidylglycerol catabolic processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Platelet activating factor biosynthetic process1 PublicationNAS:UniProtKB
Positive regulation of macrophage activationIEA:Ensembl
Positive regulation of platelet activationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Positive regulation of prostaglandin secretionIEA:Ensembl
Positive regulation of T-helper 1 type immune responseIEA:Ensembl
Prostaglandin biosynthetic processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Regulation of cell population proliferationIEA:Ensembl

Cytoplasm
Golgi apparatus membrane
Nucleus envelope
Translocates to intracellular membranes in a calcium-dependent way.

Gastrointestinal ulceration, recurrent, with dysfunctional platelets (GURDP):
An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by recurrent gastrointestinal mucosal ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding, chronic anemia, iron deficiency, and abdominal pain. Disease features also include platelet dysfunction, and globally decreased eicosanoid synthesis.

Phosphorylated at both Ser-505 and Ser-727 in response to mitogenic stimuli.