TXNRD2

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family, and is a member of the thioredoxin (Trx) system. Three thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) isozymes are found in mammals. TrxRs are selenocysteine-containing flavoenzymes, which reduce thioredoxins, as well as other substrates, and play a key role in redox homoeostasis. This gene encodes a mitochondrial form important for scavenging reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. It functions as a homodimer containing FAD, and selenocysteine (Sec) at the active site. Sec is encoded by UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, which is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms, including a few localized in the cytosol and some lacking the C-terminal Sec residue, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2017]

TXNRD2 Gene(Protein Coding) Thioredoxin Reductase 2

Involved in the control of reactive oxygen species levels and the regulation of mitochondrial redox homeostasis (PubMed:24601690).
Maintains thioredoxin in a reduced state. May play a role in redox-regulated cell signaling.

Biological Process cell redox homeostasis Source:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process response to hyperoxia Source:Ensembl
Biological Process response to oxygen radical Source:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process response to selenium ion Source:Ensembl
Biological Process response to xenobiotic stimulus Source:Ensembl

Mitochondrion

Glucocorticoid deficiency 5 (GCCD5):
A form of glucocorticoid deficiency, a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by resistance to ACTH action on the adrenal cortex, adrenal insufficiency and an inability of the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol. It usually presents in the neonatal period or in early childhood with episodes of hypoglycemia and other symptoms related to cortisol deficiency, including failure to thrive, recurrent illnesses or infections, convulsions, and shock. In a small number of patients hypoglycemia can be sufficiently severe and persistent that it leads to serious long-term neurological damage or death. The diagnosis is readily confirmed with a low plasma cortisol measurement in the presence of an elevated ACTH level, and normal aldosterone and plasma renin measurements.