CSNK2A2

This gene encodes the alpha', or alpha 2, catalytic subunit of the protein kinase enzyme, casein kinase 2 (CK2). Casein kinase 2 is a serine/threonine protein kinase that phosphorylates acidic proteins such as casein. It is involved in various cellular processes, including cell cycle control, apoptosis, and circadian rhythms. This heterotetrameric kinase includes two catalytic subunits, either alpha or alpha', and two regulatory beta subunits. The closely related gene paralog encoding the alpha, or alpha 1 subunit (CSNK2A1, Gene ID: 1457) is found on chromosome 20. An intronic variant in this gene (alpha 2) may be associated with leukocyte telomere length in a South Asian population. A related transcribed pseudogene is found on chromosome 11.

CSNK2A2

Catalytic subunit of a constitutively active serine/threonine-protein kinase complex that phosphorylates a large number of substrates containing acidic residues C-terminal to the phosphorylated serine or threonine. Regulates numerous cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression, apoptosis and transcription, as well as viral infection. May act as a regulatory node which integrates and coordinates numerous signals leading to an appropriate cellular response. During mitosis, functions as a component of the p53/TP53-dependent spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) that maintains cyclin-B-CDK1 activity and G2 arrest in response to spindle damage. Also required for p53/TP53-mediated apoptosis, phosphorylating 'Ser-392' of p53/TP53 following UV irradiation. Can also negatively regulate apoptosis. Phosphorylates the caspases CASP9 and CASP2 and the apoptotic regulator NOL3. Phosphorylation protects CASP9 from cleavage and activation by CASP8, and inhibits the dimerization of CASP2 and activation of CASP8. Regulates transcription by direct phosphorylation of RNA polymerases I, II, III and IV. Also phosphorylates and regulates numerous transcription factors including NF-kappa-B, STAT1, CREB1, IRF1, IRF2, ATF1, SRF, MAX, JUN, FOS, MYC and MYB. Phosphorylates Hsp90 and its co-chaperones FKBP4 and CDC37, which is essential for chaperone function. Regulates Wnt signaling by phosphorylating CTNNB1 and the transcription factor LEF1. Acts as an ectokinase that phosphorylates several extracellular proteins. During viral infection, phosphorylates various proteins involved in the viral life cycles of EBV, HSV, HBV, HCV, HIV, CMV and HPV.

Apoptotic process Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cerebral cortex development Source: Ensembl
Liver regeneration Source: Ensembl
Macroautophagy Source: Reactome
Mitotic chromosome condensation Source: Reactome
Negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway Source: ARUK-UCL
Negative regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process Source: ARUK-UCL
Peptidyl-serine phosphorylation Source: ARUK-UCL
Peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation Source: GO_Central
Phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process Source: Reactome
Positive regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion Source: ParkinsonsUK-UCL
Protein folding Source: Reactome
Regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion Source: ParkinsonsUK-UCL
Regulation of cell cycle Source: GO_Central
Regulation of chromosome separation Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator Source: Reactome
Spermatogenesis Source: Ensembl
Wnt signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB-KW

Cytosol; Nucleoplasm; Nucleus; Plasma membrane; Acrosomal vesicle; Chromatin; Protein kinase CK2 complex