SLC22A1

Polyspecific organic cation transporters in the liver, kidney, intestine, and other organs are critical for elimination of many endogenous small organic cations as well as a wide array of drugs and environmental toxins. This gene is one of three similar cation transporter genes located in a cluster on chromosome 6. The encoded protein contains twelve putative transmembrane domains and is a plasma integral membrane protein. Two transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene, but only the longer variant encodes a functional transporter. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Solute Carrier Family 22 Member 1

Translocates a broad array of organic cations with various structures and molecular weights including the model compounds 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), tetraethylammonium (TEA), N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium (ASP), the endogenous compounds choline, guanidine, histamine, epinephrine, adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine, and the drugs quinine, and metformin. The transport of organic cations is inhibited by a broad array of compounds like tetramethylammonium (TMA), cocaine, lidocaine, NMDA receptor antagonists, atropine, prazosin, cimetidine, TEA and NMN, guanidine, cimetidine, choline, procainamide, quinine, tetrabutylammonium, and tetrapentylammonium. Translocates organic cations in an electrogenic and pH-independent manner. Translocates organic cations across the plasma membrane in both directions. Transports the polyamines spermine and spermidine. Transports pramipexole across the basolateral membrane of the proximal tubular epithelial cells. The choline transport is activated by MMTS. Regulated by various intracellular signaling pathways including inhibition by protein kinase A activation, and endogenously activation by the calmodulin complex, the calmodulin-dependent kinase II and LCK tyrosine kinase (PubMed:11388889, PubMed:11408531, PubMed:15389554, PubMed:16272756, PubMed:16581093, PubMed:9187257, PubMed:9260930, PubMed:9655880).
Mediates the transport of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2-alpha) and may be involved in their renal excretion (PubMed:11907186).

Biological Process dopamine uptakeManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process epinephrine transportIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradientIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process neurotransmitter transportManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process norepinephrine transportManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process organic cation transportManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process purine-containing compound transmembrane transportTAS:Reactome
Biological Process quaternary ammonium group transportManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process serotonin uptakeManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process toxin transportManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process transport across blood-brain barrier2 PublicationsNAS:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process xenobiotic transportManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrier1 PublicationNAS:ARUK-UCL

Basolateral cell membrane

Cytoplasmic: 1-21
Helical: 22-42
Extracellular: 43-149
Helical: 150-170
Cytoplasmic: 171-176
Helical: 177-197
Extracellular: 198-206
Helical: 207-229
Cytoplasmic: 230-235
Helical: 236-256
Extracellular: 257-262
Helical: 263-283
Cytoplasmic: 284-347
Helical: 348-368
Extracellular: 369-376
Helical: 377-397
Cytoplasmic: 398-402
Helical: 403-423
Extracellular: 424-431
Helical: 432-452
Cytoplasmic: 453-464
Helical: 465-485
Extracellular: 486-492
Helical: 493-513
Cytoplasmic: 514-554

Phosphorylated.