CCN3

CCN3

Immediate-early protein playing a role in various cellular processes including proliferation, adhesion, migration, differentiation and survival (PubMed:15181016, PubMed:15611078, PubMed:12695522, PubMed:21344378, PubMed:12050162).
Acts by binding to integrins or membrane receptors such as NOTCH1 (PubMed:12695522, PubMed:21344378, PubMed:15611078).
Essential regulator of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell function (PubMed:17463287).
Inhibits myogenic differentiation through the activation of Notch-signaling pathway (PubMed:12050162).
Inhibits vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation by increasing expression of cell-cycle regulators such as CDKN2B or CDKN1A independently of TGFB1 signaling (PubMed:20139355).
Ligand of integrins ITGAV:ITGB3 and ITGA5:ITGB1, acts directly upon endothelial cells to stimulate pro-angiogenic activities and induces angiogenesis. In endothelial cells, supports cell adhesion, induces directed cell migration (chemotaxis) and promotes cell survival (PubMed:12695522).
Plays also a role in cutaneous wound healing acting as integrin receptor ligand. Supports skin fibroblast adhesion through ITGA5:ITGB1 and ITGA6:ITGB1 and induces fibroblast chemotaxis through ITGAV:ITGB5. Seems to enhance bFGF-induced DNA synthesis in fibroblasts (PubMed:15611078).
Involved in bone regeneration as a negative regulator (By similarity).
Enhances the articular chondrocytic phenotype, whereas it repressed the one representing endochondral ossification (PubMed:21871891).
Impairs pancreatic beta-cell function, inhibits beta-cell proliferation and insulin secretion (By similarity).
Plays a role as negative regulator of endothelial pro-inflammatory activation reducing monocyte adhesion, its anti-inflammatory effects occur secondary to the inhibition of NF-kappaB signaling pathway (PubMed:21063504).
Contributes to the control and coordination of inflammatory processes in atherosclerosis (By similarity).
Attenuates inflammatory pain through regulation of IL1B- and TNF-induced MMP9, MMP2 and CCL2 expression. Inhibits MMP9 expression through ITGB1 engagement (PubMed:21871891).

Angiogenesis Source: UniProtKB
Bone regeneration Source: UniProtKB
Cell adhesion Source: GO_Central
Cell adhesion mediated by integrin Source: UniProtKB
Cell chemotaxis Source: UniProtKB
Chondrocyte differentiation Source: UniProtKB
Endothelial cell-cell adhesion Source: UniProtKB
Endothelial cell chemotaxis Source: UniProtKB
Fibroblast migration Source: UniProtKB
Hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of cell death Source: GO_Central
Negative regulation of cell growth Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of chondrocyte proliferation Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of inflammatory response Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of insulin secretion Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of monocyte chemotaxis Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of myotube differentiation Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of sensory perception of pain Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of gene expression Source: Ensembl
Signal transduction Source: GO_Central
Smooth muscle cell migration Source: UniProtKB
Smooth muscle cell proliferation Source: UniProtKB
Type B pancreatic cell proliferation Source: UniProtKB

Cytoplasm; Secreted; Gap junction. Localizes at the gap junction in presence of GJA1.

May be palmitoylated on Cys-244, which is important for extracellular secretion.