CXCL10

CXCL10 (C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 10) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with CXCL10 include Endotheliitis and Paracoccidioidomycosis. Among its related pathways are PEDF Induced Signaling and Cytokine Signaling in Immune system. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include receptor binding and chemokine activity. An important paralog of this gene is CXCL9.

C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 10

Pro-inflammatory cytokine that is involved in a wide variety of processes such as chemotaxis, differentiation, and activation of peripheral immune cells, regulation of cell growth, apoptosis and modulation of angiostatic effects (PubMed:7540647, PubMed:11157474, PubMed:22652417).

Plays thereby an important role during viral infections by stimulating the activation and migration of immune cells to the infected sites (By similarity).

Mechanistically, binding of CXCL10 to the CXCR3 receptor activates G protein-mediated signaling and results in downstream activation of phospholipase C-dependent pathway, an increase in intracellular calcium production and actin reorganization (PubMed:12750173, PubMed:19151743).

In turn, recruitment of activated Th1 lymphocytes occurs at sites of inflammation (PubMed:12750173, PubMed:12663757).

Activation of the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis plays also an important role in neurons in response to brain injury for activating microglia, the resident macrophage population of the central nervous system, and directing them to the lesion site. This recruitment is an essential element for neuronal reorganization (By similarity).

Adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB
Antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide Source: UniProtKB
Antiviral innate immune response Source: ARUK-UCL
Blood circulation Source: ProtInc
Cell-cell signaling Source: ProtInc
Cell surface receptor signaling pathway Source: ProtInc
Cellular response to heat Source: Ensembl
Cellular response to lipopolysaccharide Source: MGI
Cellular response to virus Source: ARUK-UCL
Chemokine-mediated signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB
Chemotaxis Source: UniProtKB
Cytokine-mediated signaling pathway Source: Reactome
Endothelial cell activation Source: CACAO
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB
Inflammatory response Source: GO_Central
Killing of cells of other organism Source: UniProtKB
Muscle organ development Source: ProtInc
Negative regulation of angiogenesis Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of myoblast differentiation Source: Ensembl
Negative regulation of myoblast fusion Source: Ensembl
Neutrophil chemotaxis Source: GO_Central
Positive regulation of cell population proliferation Source: ProtInc
Positive regulation of monocyte chemotaxis Source: CACAO
Positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of T cell migration Source: MGI
Positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of apoptotic process Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of cell population proliferation Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis Source: CACAO
Regulation of T cell chemotaxis Source: CACAO
Response to auditory stimulus Source: Ensembl
Response to cold Source: Ensembl
Response to gamma radiation Source: Ensembl
Response to vitamin D Source: Ensembl
Signal transduction Source: ProtInc
T cell chemotaxis Source: UniProtKB

Secreted

Several proteases can mediate post-secretion cleavages. DPP4 cleaves CXCL10 on its N-terminal 2 amino acids leading to an antagonist form of CXCL10. This dominant negative form is capable of binding CXCR3 but does not induce signaling. MMP9 cleaves 9 amino acids instead.