DRD4

This gene encodes the D4 subtype of the dopamine receptor. The D4 subtype is a G-protein coupled receptor which inhibits adenylyl cyclase. It is a target for drugs which treat schizophrenia and Parkinson disease. Mutations in this gene have been associated with various behavioral phenotypes, including autonomic nervous system dysfunction, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and the personality trait of novelty seeking. This gene contains a polymorphic number (2-10 copies) of tandem 48 nt repeats; the sequence shown contains four repeats. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Dopamine Receptor D4

Dopamine receptor responsible for neuronal signaling in the mesolimbic system of the brain, an area of the brain that regulates emotion and complex behavior. Activated by dopamine, but also by epinephrine and norepinephrine, and by numerous synthetic agonists and drugs (PubMed:9003072, PubMed:16423344, PubMed:27659709, PubMed:29051383).

Agonist binding triggers signaling via G proteins that inhibit adenylyl cyclase (PubMed:7512953, PubMed:7643093, PubMed:16423344, PubMed:27659709, PubMed:29051383).

Modulates the circadian rhythm of contrast sensitivity by regulating the rhythmic expression of NPAS2 in the retinal ganglion cells (By similarity).

Adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB
Adult locomotory behavior Source: BHF-UCL
Arachidonic acid secretion Source: BHF-UCL
Behavioral fear response Source: BHF-UCL
Behavioral response to cocaine Source: BHF-UCL
Behavioral response to ethanol Source: BHF-UCL
Cellular calcium ion homeostasis Source: BHF-UCL
Chemical synaptic transmission Source: GO_Central
Dopamine metabolic process Source: BHF-UCL
Dopamine receptor signaling pathway Source: BHF-UCL
Fear response Source: BHF-UCL
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger Source: GO_Central
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential Source: BHF-UCL
Negative regulation of protein secretion Source: BHF-UCL
Negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of kinase activity Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of MAP kinase activity Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of sodium:proton antiporter activity Source: BHF-UCL
Regulation of circadian rhythm Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of dopamine metabolic process Source: BHF-UCL
Regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor internalization Source: Ensembl
Response to amphetamine Source: BHF-UCL
Response to histamine Source: BHF-UCL
Rhythmic process Source: UniProtKB-KW
Social behavior Source: BHF-UCL

Cell membrane

Extracellular: 1-29
Helical: 30-50
Cytoplasmic: 51-71
Helical: 72-92
Extracellular: 93-110
Helical: 111-131
Cytoplasmic: 132-152
Helical: 153-173
Extracellular: 174-192
Helical: 193-213
Cytoplasmic: 214-346
Helical: 347-367
Extracellular: 368-382
Helical: 383-403
Cytoplasmic: 404-419

Polyubiquitinated by the BCR(KLHL12) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex: polyubiquitination does not lead to degradation of DRD4 protein.
Palmitoylated. Palmitoylation of the C-terminal Cys is important for normal expression at the cell membrane.