CYP2C19

CYP2C19 (Cytochrome P450 Family 2 Subfamily C Member 19) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with CYP2C19 include Drug Metabolism, Poor, Cyp2c19-Related and Voriconazole Toxicity. Among its related pathways are Gefitinib Pathway, Pharmacokinetics and superpathway of tryptophan utilization. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include enzyme binding and iron ion binding. An important paralog of this gene is CYP2C9.

Full Name

Cytochrome P450 Family 2 Subfamily C Member 19

Function

A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:18577768, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997).

Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:18577768, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997).

Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Hydroxylates PUFA specifically at the omega-1 position (PubMed:18577768).

Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of PUFA (PubMed:20972997, PubMed:19965576).

Also metabolizes plant monoterpenes such as limonene. Oxygenates (R)- and (S)-limonene to produce carveol and perillyl alcohol (PubMed:11950794).

Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine. Hydroxylates fenbendazole at the 4' position (PubMed:23959307).

Biological Process

Drug metabolic process Source: BHF-UCL
Epoxygenase P450 pathway Source: GO_Central
Exogenous drug catabolic process Source: BHF-UCL
Heterocycle metabolic process Source: BHF-UCL
Monoterpenoid metabolic process Source: BHF-UCL
Omega-hydroxylase P450 pathway Source: Reactome
Organic acid metabolic process Source: GO_Central
Steroid metabolic process Source: BHF-UCL
Xenobiotic metabolic process Source: GO_Central

Cellular Location

Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Microsome membrane