Phosphorylation is one of the most common PTMs involved in the regulation of multiple biological processes and overexpression of kinase. The addition of a phosphate group to a protein by a kinase can alter the activity of the protein and this action is often exploited as a switch on or off[1]. Cancer is not only considered a disease that arises from genetic mutations, but also a disease that results from epigenetic changes. Mutations or defects in regulatory mechanisms can lead to aberrant activation or dysregulation of kinase signaling pathways and result in oncogenesis for multiple tumors.
Fig.1 Activated AKT cellular growth, survival and proliferation through phosphorylation[2].
The signaling pathways regulated by phosphorylation contribute to the onset and progression of almost all types of cancer. Consequently, research of these pathways could have major clinical-therapeutic utility especially since many of these proteins act as oncogenes. Creative Biolabs offers cancer-related pathway phosphorylation screening service with antibody array, which consists of 269 phospho-specific antibodies and more than 132 phosphorylation sites involved in cancer-causing pathways can be tested.
| Signal Pathways | |
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| Targets |
| 14-3-3 zeta (S58) | CrkII (Y221) | JunB (S259) | PDK1 (S241) |
| 4E-BP1 (T36) | eEF2K (S366) | JunB (S79) | PIK3R1 (Y607) |
| Akt (S473) | EGFR (Y1110) | JunD (S255) | PIK3R1/PIK3R3 (Y467/Y199) |
| Akt (T308) | eIF2α (S51) | KRT18 (S33) | PTEN (S380/T382/T383) |
| Akt2 (S474) | elF4E (S209) | MDM2 (S166) | Pyk2 (Y402) |
| AMPK1 (T174) | Elk-1 (S383) | MEK1 (S217) | Rac1/cdc42 (S71) |
| BAD (S112) | ERK3 (S189) | MEK1 (S221) | Raf1 (S259) |
| BAD (S136) | ERK8 (T175/Y177) | MEK1 (T291) | Rb (S780) |
| BAD (S155) | ERα (S167) | MEK2 (T394) | Rel (S503) |
| BCL-2 (S70) | Fak (Y397) | Met (Y1349) | SAPK/JNK (T183) |
| BCL-2 (T56) | FAK (Y861) | MKK3 (S189) | Shc (Y349) |
| BCL-XL (S62) | FAK (Y925) | MSK1 (S376) | SHP2 (Y580) |
| BRCA1 (S1423) | FGFR1 (Y154) | mTOR (S2448) | Smad3 (S425) |
| BRCA1 (S1524) | FKHR (S256) | Myc (S62) | Src (Y418) |
| CaMKII (T286) | GSK3α (S21) | Myc (S373) | Src (Y529) |
| CASP9 (S144) | GSK3β (S9) | Myc (T358) | STAT1 (S727) |
| CASP9 (S196) | HDAC8 (S39) | Myc (T58) | STAT1 (Y701) |
| CASP9 (T125) | HER2 (Y877) | NFκB-p100/p52 (S865) | STAT3 (S727) |
| CASP9 (Y153) | Histone H2A.X (S139) | NFκB-p100/p52 (S869) | STAT3 (Y705) |
| CASP3 (S150) | HSF1 (S303) | NFκB-p105/p50 (S893) | STAT4 (Y693) |
| CAV1 (Y14) | HSP27 (S15) | NFκB-p105/p50 (S907) | STAT5A (S780) |
| CDC2 (Y15) | HSP27 (S78) | NFκB-p105/p50 (S932) | STAT5A (Y694) |
| cdc25A (S75) | HSP90B (S254) | NFκB-p65 (S529) | STAT6 (T645) |
| cdc25C (S216) | ICAM-1 (Y512) | NFκB-p65 (T254) | STAT6 (Y641) |
| CDK2 (T160) | IGF-1R (Y1161) | p21Cip1 (T145) | Tau (S404) |
| Chk1 (S280) | IKK α (T23) | p27Kip1 (S10) | Trk B (Y515) |
| Chk1 (S317) | ITGB3 (Y773) | p27Kip1 (T187) | TYK2 (Y1054) |
| Chk1 (S345) | ITGB3 (Y785) | P38 MAPK (T180) | VEGFR2 (Y951) |
| Chk2 (S516) | IκB-α (S32/S36) | P38 MAPK (Y182) | CTNNB (S33) |
| Chk2 (T68) | IκB-α (Y42) | Erk1/2 (T202) | CTNNB (S37) |
| c-Jun (T239) | IκB-β (S23) | Erk1/2 (Y204) | CTNNB (T41/S45) |
| c-Jun (S243) | IκB-ε (S22) | p53 (S315) | CREB (S133) |
| c-Jun (S73) | JAK1 (Y1022) | p53 (S6) | S6K1 (S424) |
| c-Kit (Y721) | JAK2 (Y1007) | JAK2 (Y221) | PDGFRB (Y751) |
For more detailed information about our antibody arrays, please feel free to contact us.
References
