HNF1A

The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor required for the expression of several liver-specific genes. The encoded protein functions as a homodimer and binds to the inverted palindrome 5'-GTTAATNATTAAC-3'. Defects in this gene are a cause of maturity onset diabetes of the young type 3 (MODY3) and also can result in the appearance of hepatic adenomas. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015]

Full Name

HNF1 Homeobox A

Function

Transcriptional activator that regulates the tissue specific expression of multiple genes, especially in pancreatic islet cells and in liver (By similarity).

Binds to the inverted palindrome 5'-GTTAATNATTAAC-3' (PubMed:12453420, PubMed:10966642).

Activates the transcription of CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP3A11 (By similarity).

Biological Process

Glucose homeostasis Source: UniProtKB
Glucose import Source: UniProtKB
Insulin secretion Source: UniProtKB
Liver development Source: InterPro
Pancreas development Source: InterPro
Positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: BHF-UCL
Renal glucose absorption Source: UniProtKB

Cellular Location

Nucleus

Involvement in disease

Hepatic adenomas familial (HEPAF):
Rare benign liver tumors of presumable epithelial origin that develop in an otherwise normal liver. Hepatic adenomas may be single or multiple. They consist of sheets of well-differentiated hepatocytes that contain fat and glycogen and can produce bile. Bile ducts or portal areas are absent. Kupffer cells, if present, are reduced in number and are non-functional. Conditions associated with adenomas are insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and glycogen storage diseases (types 1 and 3).
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young 3 (MODY3):
A form of diabetes that is characterized by an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, onset in childhood or early adulthood (usually before 25 years of age), a primary defect in insulin secretion and frequent insulin-independence at the beginning of the disease.
Diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent, 20 (IDDM20):
A multifactorial disorder of glucose homeostasis that is characterized by susceptibility to ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. Clinical features are polydipsia, polyphagia and polyuria which result from hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis and secondary thirst. These derangements result in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.