TCOF1

This gene encodes a nucleolar protein with a LIS1 homology domain. The protein is involved in ribosomal DNA gene transcription through its interaction with upstream binding factor (UBF). Mutations in this gene have been associated with Treacher Collins syndrome, a disorder which includes abnormal craniofacial development. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq]

Full Name

Treacher Collins-Franceschetti syndrome 1

Function

Nucleolar protein that acts as a regulator of RNA polymerase I by connecting RNA polymerase I with enzymes responsible for ribosomal processing and modification (PubMed:12777385, PubMed:26399832).
Required for neural crest specification: following monoubiquitination by the BCR(KBTBD8) complex, associates with NOLC1 and acts as a platform to connect RNA polymerase I with enzymes responsible for ribosomal processing and modification, leading to remodel the translational program of differentiating cells in favor of neural crest specification (PubMed:26399832).

Biological Process

Biological Process neural crest cell developmentIMP:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process neural crest formationIMP:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process nucleolar large rRNA transcription by RNA polymerase IIBA:GO_Central1 Publication
Biological Process regulation of translationIMP:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process skeletal system developmentTAS:ProtInc1 Publication

Cellular Location

Nucleus, nucleolus

Involvement in disease

Treacher Collins syndrome 1 (TCS1):
A form of Treacher Collins syndrome, a disorder of craniofacial development. Treacher Collins syndrome is characterized by a combination of bilateral downward slanting of the palpebral fissures, colobomas of the lower eyelids with a paucity of eyelashes medial to the defect, hypoplasia of the facial bones, cleft palate, malformation of the external ears, atresia of the external auditory canals, and bilateral conductive hearing loss.

PTM

Ubiquitinated. Monoubiquitination by the BCR(KBTBD8) complex promotes the formation of a NOLC1-TCOF1 complex that acts as a platform to connect RNA polymerase I with enzymes responsible for ribosomal processing and modification, leading to remodel the translational program of differentiating cells in favor of neural crest specification (PubMed:26399832).
Pyrophosphorylated by 5-diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (5-IP7). Serine pyrophosphorylation is achieved by Mg2+-dependent, but enzyme independent transfer of a beta-phosphate from a inositol pyrophosphate to a pre-phosphorylated serine residue.