PRC1

This gene encodes a protein that is involved in cytokinesis. The encoded protein is at high level during S and G2/M and drop dramatically after cell exit mitosis and enter G1. It is located in the nucleus during interphase, and becomes associated with mitotic spindles in a highly dynamic manner during mitosis, and localizes to the cell mid-body during cytokinesis. This protein has been shown to be a substrate of several cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). At least three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq]

Full Name

protein regulator of cytokinesis 1

Function

Key regulator of cytokinesis that cross-links antiparrallel microtubules at an average distance of 35 nM. Essential for controlling the spatiotemporal formation of the midzone and successful cytokinesis. Required for KIF14 localization to the central spindle and midbody. Required to recruit PLK1 to the spindle. Stimulates PLK1 phosphorylation of RACGAP1 to allow recruitment of ECT2 to the central spindle. Acts as an oncogene for promoting bladder cancer cells proliferation, apoptosis inhibition and carcinogenic progression (PubMed:17409436).

Biological Process

Cell divisionIEA:UniProtKB-KW
Microtubule bundle formationIEA:InterPro
Microtubule cytoskeleton organizationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Mitotic spindle elongationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:ProtInc
Mitotic spindle midzone assemblyManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Positive regulation of cell population proliferationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Regulation of cytokinesisManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB

Cellular Location

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle pole
Midbody
Chromosome
Colocalized with KIF20B in the nucleus of bladder carcinoma cells at the interphase. Colocalized with KIF20B in bladder carcinoma cells at prophase, metaphase, early anaphase, at the midzone in late anaphase and at the contractile ring in telophase (PubMed:17409436).
Predominantly localized to the nucleus of interphase cells. During mitosis becomes associated with the mitotic spindle poles and localizes with the cell midbody during cytokinesis. Co-localizes with PRC1 in early mitosis and at the spindle midzone from anaphase B to telophase (PubMed:15297875, PubMed:15625105).

PTM

Phosphorylation by CDK1 in early mitosis holds PRC1 in an inactive monomeric state, during the metaphase to anaphase transition, PRC1 is dephosphorylated, promoting interaction with KIF4A, which then translocates PRC1 along mitotic spindles to the plus ends of antiparallel interdigitating microtubules. Dephosphorylation also promotes MT-bundling activity by allowing dimerization. Phosphorylation by CDK1 prevents PLK1-binding: upon degradation of CDK1 at anaphase and dephosphorylation, it is then phosphorylated by PLK1, leading to cytokinesis.