PTGES

The protein encoded by this gene is a glutathione-dependent prostaglandin E synthase. The expression of this gene has been shown to be induced by proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta (IL1B). Its expression can also be induced by tumor suppressor protein TP53, and may be involved in TP53 induced apoptosis. Knockout studies in mice suggest that this gene may contribute to the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis and mediate acute pain during inflammatory responses. [provided by RefSeq]

Full Name

prostaglandin E synthase

Function

Terminal enzyme of the cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-mediated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) biosynthetic pathway. Catalyzes the glutathione-dependent oxidoreduction of prostaglandin endoperoxide H2 (PGH2) to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in response to inflammatory stimuli (PubMed:18682561, PubMed:10377395, PubMed:12672824, PubMed:12460774, PubMed:10869354, PubMed:12244105).
Plays a key role in inflammation response, fever and pain (By similarity).
Catalyzes also the oxidoreduction of endocannabinoids into prostaglandin glycerol esters and PGG2 into 15-hydroperoxy-PGE2 (PubMed:12244105, PubMed:12672824).
In addition, displays low glutathione transferase and glutathione-dependent peroxidase activities, toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and 5-hydroperoxyicosatetraenoic acid (5-HPETE), respectively (PubMed:12672824).

Biological Process

Cell population proliferationIEA:Ensembl
Negative regulation of cell population proliferationIEA:Ensembl
Positive regulation of prostaglandin secretionIEA:Ensembl
Prostaglandin biosynthetic processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Prostaglandin metabolic processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:ProtInc
Regulation of fever generationISS:UniProtKB
Regulation of inflammatory responseISS:UniProtKB
Sensory perception of painISS:UniProtKB
Signal transduction1 PublicationNAS:ProtInc

Cellular Location

Membrane
Cytoplasm, perinuclear region
Colocalizes with PTGS1/COX-1 and PTGS2/COX-2 in the perinuclear compartment.

Topology

Lumenal: 1-12
Helical: 13-41
Cytoplasmic: 42-60
Helical: 61-90
Lumenal: 91-95
Helical: 96-119
Cytoplasmic: 120-123
Helical: 124-152