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VRK1

This gene encodes a member of the vaccinia-related kinase (VRK) family of serine/threonine protein kinases. This gene is widely expressed in human tissues and has increased expression in actively dividing cells, such as those in testis, thymus, fetal liver, and carcinomas. Its protein localizes to the nucleus and has been shown to promote the stability and nuclear accumulation of a transcriptionally active p53 molecule and, in vitro, to phosphorylate Thr18 of p53 and reduce p53 ubiquitination. This gene, therefore, may regulate cell proliferation. This protein also phosphorylates histone, casein, and the transcription factors ATF2 (activating transcription factor 2) and c-JUN. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Full Name
Vaccinia Related Kinase 1
Function
Serine/threonine kinase involved in cell cycle, nuclear condensation and transcription regulation (PubMed:14645249, PubMed:18617507, PubMed:19103756).
Involved in Golgi disassembly during the cell cycle: following phosphorylation by PLK3 during mitosis, required to induce Golgi fragmentation (PubMed:19103756).
Phosphorylates 'Thr-18' of p53/TP53 and may thereby prevent the interaction between p53/TP53 and MDM2 (PubMed:10951572).
Phosphorylates KAT5 in response to DNA damage, promoting KAT5 association with chromatin and histone acetyltransferase activity (PubMed:33076429).
Phosphorylates BANF1: disrupts its ability to bind DNA, reduces its binding to LEM domain-containing proteins and causes its relocalization from the nucleus to the cytoplasm (PubMed:16495336).
Phosphorylates ATF2 which activates its transcriptional activity (PubMed:15105425).
Biological Process
Biological Process cell division Source:UniProtKB-KW
Biological Process cellular response to DNA damage stimulus Source:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process Golgi disassembly Source:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process mitotic nuclear membrane disassembly Source:Reactome
Biological Process peptidyl-serine phosphorylation Source:GO_Central1 Publication
Biological Process positive regulation of protein localization to chromatin Source:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process protein autophosphorylation Source:UniProtKB2 Publications
Biological Process protein phosphorylation Source:ProtInc1 Publication
Biological Process signal transduction Source:GO_Central1 Publication
Cellular Location
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Dispersed throughout the cell but not located on mitotic spindle or chromatids during mitosis.
Involvement in disease
Pontocerebellar hypoplasia 1A (PCH1A):
A disorder characterized by an abnormally small cerebellum and brainstem, central and peripheral motor dysfunction from birth, gliosis and spinal cord anterior horn cells degeneration resembling infantile spinal muscular atrophy. Additional features include muscle hypotonia, congenital contractures and respiratory insufficiency that is evident at birth.
PTM
Autophosphorylated at various serine and threonine residues (PubMed:11883897, PubMed:14645249, PubMed:19103756, PubMed:21543316).
Autophosphorylation does not impair its ability to phosphorylate p53/TP53 (PubMed:11883897).
Phosphorylation by PLK3 leads to induction of Golgi fragmentation during mitosis (PubMed:19103756).

Anti-VRK1 antibodies

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Target: VRK1
Host: Mouse
Specificity: Human
Clone: CBXS-0943
Application*: WB, IC, P, C, E
Target: VRK1
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG1
Specificity: Human
Clone: 2E10
Application*: WB
Target: VRK1
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG1
Specificity: Human, Mouse
Clone: 1F6
Application*: WB, IH, IC, IF, P
Target: VRK1
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG1
Specificity: Human
Clone: 5D1
Application*: WB, IP, P, IF
Target: VRK1
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG2a, κ
Specificity: Human
Clone: 4F9
Application*: E, IF, IP, RNAi, WB
Target: VRK1
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG1
Specificity: Human
Clone: 2C9
Application*: WB
For Research Use Only. Not For Clinical Use.
(P): Predicted
* Abbreviations
IFImmunofluorescence
IHImmunohistochemistry
IPImmunoprecipitation
WBWestern Blot
EELISA
MMicroarray
CIChromatin Immunoprecipitation
FFlow Cytometry
FNFunction Assay
IDImmunodiffusion
RRadioimmunoassay
TCTissue Culture
GSGel Supershift
NNeutralization
BBlocking
AActivation
IInhibition
DDepletion
ESELISpot
DBDot Blot
MCMass Cytometry/CyTOF
CTCytotoxicity
SStimulation
AGAgonist
APApoptosis
IMImmunomicroscopy
BABioassay
CSCostimulation
EMElectron Microscopy
IEImmunoelectrophoresis
PAPeptide Array
ICImmunocytochemistry
PEPeptide ELISA
MDMeDIP
SHIn situ hybridization
IAEnzyme Immunoassay
SEsandwich ELISA
PLProximity Ligation Assay
ECELISA(Cap)
EDELISA(Det)
BIBioimaging
IOImmunoassay
LFLateral Flow Immunoassay
LALuminex Assay
CImmunohistochemistry-Frozen Sections
PImmunohistologyp-Paraffin Sections
ISIntracellular Staining for Flow Cytometry
MSElectrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
RIRNA Binding Protein Immunoprecipitation (RIP)
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