GRIA1

Glutamate receptors are the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the mammalian brain and are activated in a variety of normal neurophysiologic processes. These receptors are heteromeric protein complexes with multiple subunits, each possessing transmembrane regions, and all arranged to form a ligand-gated ion channel. The classification of glutamate receptors is based on their activation by different pharmacologic agonists. This gene belongs to a family of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Full Name

Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor AMPA Type Subunit 1

Function

Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. In the presence of CACNG4 or CACNG7 or CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulation of current flux upon continued application of glutamate.

Biological Process

Cellular response to ammonium ion Source: Ensembl
Chemical synaptic transmission Source: ProtInc
Long-term memory Source: Ensembl
Long-term synaptic depression Source: Ensembl
Receptor internalization Source: Ensembl
Signal transduction Source: ProtInc

Cellular Location

Cell membrane; Postsynaptic cell membrane; Postsynaptic density membrane; Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Early endosome membrane; Recycling endosome membrane; Dendrite; Dendritic spine. Interaction with CACNG2, CNIH2 and CNIH3 promotes cell surface expression. Colocalizes with PDLIM4 in early endosomes. Displays a somatodendritic localization and is excluded from axons in neurons (By similarity). Localized to cone photoreceptor pedicles (By similarity).

Topology

Extracellular: 19-536
Helical: 537-557
Cytoplasmic: 558-584
Helical: 585-600
Extracellular: 601-603
Helical: 604-609
Cytoplasmic: 610-630
Helical: 631-805
Extracellular: 806-826
Helical: 827-906

PTM

Palmitoylated. Depalmitoylated upon glutamate stimulation. Cys-603 palmitoylation leads to Golgi retention and decreased cell surface expression. In contrast, Cys-829 palmitoylation does not affect cell surface expression but regulates stimulation-dependent endocytosis (By similarity).
Phosphorylated at Ser-645. Phosphorylated at Ser-710 by PKC. Phosphorylated at Ser-849 by PKC, PKA and CAMK2. Phosphorylated at Ser-863 by PKC, PKA and PRKG2 (By similarity). Phosphorylation of Ser-863 is reduced by induction of long-term depression and increased by induction of long-term potentiation (By similarity).