PTN

PTN is a secreted heparin-binding growth factor. The protein has significant roles in cell growth and survival, cell migration, angiogenesis and tumorigenesis.

pleiotrophin

Secreted growth factor that mediates its signal through cell-surface proteoglycan and non-proteoglycan receptors (PubMed:16814777, PubMed:11278720, PubMed:19141530).
Binds cell-surface proteoglycan receptor via their chondroitin sulfate (CS) groups (PubMed:26896299, PubMed:27445335).
Thereby regulates many processes like cell proliferation, cell survival, cell growth, cell differentiation and cell migration in several tissues namely neuron and bone (PubMed:1733956, PubMed:1768439, PubMed:11278720, PubMed:19141530, PubMed:27445335, PubMed:30667096, PubMed:19442624).
Also plays a role in synaptic plasticity and learning-related behavior by inhibiting long-term synaptic potentiation (By similarity).
Binds PTPRZ1, leading to neutralization of the negative charges of the CS chains of PTPRZ1, inducing PTPRZ1 clustering, thereby causing the dimerization and inactivation of its phosphatase activity leading to increased tyrosine phosphorylation of each of the PTPRZ1 substrates like ALK, CTNNB1 or AFAP1L2 in order to activate the PI3K-AKT pathway (PubMed:17681947, PubMed:27445335, PubMed:30667096, PubMed:16814777, PubMed:10706604).
Through PTPRZ1 binding controls oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation by enhancing the phosphorylation of AFAP1L2 in order to activate the PI3K-AKT pathway (PubMed:27445335, PubMed:30667096).
Forms a complex with PTPRZ1 and integrin alpha-V/beta-3 (ITGAV:ITGB3) that stimulates endothelial cell migration through SRC dephosphorylation and activation that consequently leads to ITGB3 'Tyr-773' phosphorylation (PubMed:19141530).
In adult hippocampus promotes dendritic arborization, spine development, and functional integration and connectivity of newborn granule neurons through ALK by activating AKT signaling pathway (By similarity).
Binds GPC2 and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) at the neuron surface, leading to abrogation of binding between PTPRS and CSPGs and neurite outgrowth promotion (By similarity).
Binds SDC3 and mediates bone formation by recruiting and attaching osteoblasts/osteoblast precursors to the sites for new bone deposition (By similarity).
Binds ALK and promotes cell survival and cell proliferation through MAPK pathway activation (PubMed:11278720).
Inhibits proliferation and enhances differentiation of neural stem cells by inhibiting FGF2-induced fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway (By similarity).
Mediates regulatory mechanisms in normal hemostasis and in hematopoietic regeneration and in maintaining the balance of myeloid and lymphoid regeneration (By similarity).
In addition may play a role in the female reproductive system, auditory response and the progesterone-induced decidualization pathway (By similarity).

Bone mineralizationIEA:Ensembl
DecidualizationISS:UniProtKB
Dendrite arborizationISS:UniProtKB
Dendrite regenerationISS:UniProtKB
Estrous cycleISS:UniProtKB
Integrin-mediated signaling pathwayManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
LearningISS:UniProtKB
Leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory responseISS:UniProtKB
MemoryISS:UniProtKB
Negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiationISS:UniProtKB
Negative regulation of neuroblast proliferationISS:UniProtKB
Nervous system developmentManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:ProtInc
OogenesisISS:UniProtKB
Ossification involved in bone remodelingManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Positive regulation of axon regenerationISS:UniProtKB
Positive regulation of bone mineralizationISS:UniProtKB
Positive regulation of cell divisionIEA:UniProtKB-KW
Positive regulation of cell population proliferationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Positive regulation of dendrite developmentISS:UniProtKB
Positive regulation of hepatocyte proliferationISS:UniProtKB
Positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxisISS:UniProtKB
Positive regulation of neuron projection developmentISS:UniProtKB
Positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Positive regulation of ossificationISS:UniProtKB
Positive regulation of stem cell differentiationISS:UniProtKB
Receptor clusteringManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Regulation of endothelial cell migrationISS:UniProtKB
Regulation of hemopoiesisISS:UniProtKB
Regulation of myelinationISS:UniProtKB
Regulation of stem cell population maintenanceISS:UniProtKB
Regulation of synaptic plasticityISS:UniProtKB
Response to auditory stimulusISS:UniProtKB
Tissue regenerationISS:UniProtKB
Transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathwayManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:ProtInc

Secreted

Phosphorylated by NEK6.