CYP24A1

CYP24A1 (Cytochrome P450 Family 24 Subfamily A Member 1) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with CYP24A1 include Hypercalcemia, Infantile, 1 and Idiopathic Infantile Hypercalcemia. Among its related pathways are Metabolism and Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include oxidoreductase activity and heme binding. An important paralog of this gene is CYP27A1.

Full Name

Cytochrome P450 Family 24 Subfamily A Member 1

Function

A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase with a key role in vitamin D catabolism and calcium homeostasis. Via C24- and C23-oxidation pathways, catalyzes the inactivation of both the vitamin D precursor calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) and the active hormone calcitriol (1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) (PubMed:24893882, PubMed:15574355, PubMed:8679605, PubMed:11012668, PubMed:16617161, PubMed:29461981).

With initial hydroxylation at C-24 (via C24-oxidation pathway), performs a sequential 6-step oxidation of calcitriol leading to the formation of the biliary metabolite calcitroic acid (PubMed:24893882, PubMed:15574355).

With initial hydroxylation at C-23 (via C23-oxidation pathway), catalyzes sequential oxidation of calcidiol leading to the formation of 25(OH)D3-26,23-lactone as end product (PubMed:11012668, PubMed:8679605).

Preferentially hydroxylates at C-25 other vitamin D active metabolites, such as CYP11A1-derived secosteroids 20S-hydroxycholecalciferol and 20S,23-dihydroxycholecalciferol (PubMed:25727742).

Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via FDXR/adrenodoxin reductase and FDX1/adrenodoxin (PubMed:8679605).

Biological Process

Fatty acid omega-oxidation Source: GO_Central
Osteoblast differentiation Source: BHF-UCL
Response to vitamin D Source: BHF-UCL
Vitamin D catabolic process Source: UniProtKB
Vitamin D metabolic process Source: Reactome
Vitamin D receptor signaling pathway Source: BHF-UCL
Vitamin metabolic process Source: Reactome

Cellular Location

Mitochondrion

Involvement in disease

Hypercalcemia, infantile, 1 (HCINF1):
A disorder characterized by abnormally high level of calcium in the blood, failure to thrive, vomiting, dehydration, and nephrocalcinosis.