DHX58

DHX58 (DExH-Box Helicase 58) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with DHX58 include Measles. Among its related pathways are Innate Immune System and RIG-I/MDA5 mediated induction of IFN-alpha/beta pathways. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include nucleic acid binding and helicase activity. An important paralog of this gene is IFIH1.

Full Name

DExH-Box Helicase 58

Function

Acts as a regulator of DDX58/RIG-I and IFIH1/MDA5 mediated antiviral signaling. Cannot initiate antiviral signaling as it lacks the CARD domain required for activating MAVS/IPS1-dependent signaling events. Can have both negative and positive regulatory functions related to DDX58/RIG-I and IFIH1/MDA5 signaling and this role in regulating signaling may be complex and could probably depend on characteristics of the infecting virus or target cells, or both. Its inhibitory action on DDX58/RIG-I signaling may involve the following mechanisms: competition with DDX58/RIG-I for binding to the viral RNA, binding to DDX58/RIG-I and inhibiting its dimerization and interaction with MAVS/IPS1, competing with IKBKE in its binding to MAVS/IPS1 thereby inhibiting activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). Its positive regulatory role may involve unwinding or stripping nucleoproteins of viral RNA thereby facilitating their recognition by DDX58/RIG-I and IFIH1/MDA5. Involved in the innate immune response to various RNA viruses and some DNA viruses such as poxviruses and coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, and also to the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (PubMed:31256877).

Can bind both ssRNA and dsRNA, with a higher affinity for dsRNA. Shows a preference to 5'-triphosphorylated RNA, although it can recognize RNA lacking a 5'-triphosphate.

Biological Process

Defense response to virus Source: UniProtKB-KW
Innate immune response Source: GO_Central
Negative regulation of innate immune response Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of MDA-5 signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of RIG-I signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of type I interferon production Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of interferon-beta production Source: GO_Central
Positive regulation of MDA-5 signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of RIG-I signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of type I interferon production Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of innate immune response Source: UniProtKB
Response to bacterium Source: Ensembl
Response to virus Source: UniProtKB

Cellular Location

Cytoplasm