ID2

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the inhibitor of DNA binding family, members of which are transcriptional regulators that contain a helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain but not a basic domain. Members of the inhibitor of DNA binding family inhibit the functions of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors in a dominant-negative manner by suppressing their heterodimerization partners through the HLH domains. This protein may play a role in negatively regulating cell differentiation. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 3. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

Full Name

Inhibitor Of DNA Binding 2

Function

Transcriptional regulator (lacking a basic DNA binding domain) which negatively regulates the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors by forming heterodimers and inhibiting their DNA binding and transcriptional activity. Implicated in regulating a variety of cellular processes, including cellular growth, senescence, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and neoplastic transformation. Inhibits skeletal muscle and cardiac myocyte differentiation. Regulates the circadian clock by repressing the transcriptional activator activity of the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer. Restricts the CLOCK and ARNTL/BMAL1 localization to the cytoplasm. Plays a role in both the input and output pathways of the circadian clock: in the input component, is involved in modulating the magnitude of photic entrainment and in the output component, contributes to the regulation of a variety of liver clock-controlled genes involved in lipid metabolism.

Biological Process

Bundle of His development Source: BHF-UCL
Cell differentiation Source: GO_Central
Cellular senescence Source: UniProtKB
Circadian regulation of gene expression Source: UniProtKB
Circadian rhythm Source: ARUK-UCL
Embryonic digestive tract morphogenesis Source: UniProtKB
Endodermal digestive tract morphogenesis Source: UniProtKB
Entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod Source: UniProtKB
Enucleate erythrocyte differentiation Source: ARUK-UCL
Epithelial cell differentiation involved in mammary gland alveolus development Source: UniProtKB
Heart development Source: BHF-UCL
Locomotor rhythm Source: UniProtKB
Mammary gland alveolus development Source: UniProtKB
Mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of B cell differentiation Source: ARUK-UCL
Negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity Source: GDB
Negative regulation of gene expression Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of muscle cell differentiation Source: ARUK-UCL
Negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: GDB
Negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: ARUK-UCL
Neuron fate commitment Source: UniProtKB
Olfactory bulb development Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of astrocyte differentiation Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of blood pressure Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of fat cell differentiation Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of gene expression Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of macrophage differentiation Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of transcription involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle Source: BHF-UCL
Regulation of circadian rhythm Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle Source: BHF-UCL
Regulation of lipid metabolic process Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of neuron differentiation Source: UniProtKB

Cellular Location

Cytoplasm; Nucleus