NEIL3

NEIL3 belongs to a class of DNA glycosylases homologous to the bacterial Fpg/Nei family. These glycosylases initiate the first step in base excision repair by cleaving bases damaged by reactive oxygen species and introducing a DNA strand break via the associated lyase reaction (Bandaru et al., 2002 [PubMed 12509226]).

Full Name

nei like 3 (E. coli)

Function

DNA glycosylase which prefers single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), or partially ssDNA structures such as bubble and fork structures, to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) (PubMed:12433996, PubMed:19170771, PubMed:22569481, PubMed:23755964).

Mediates interstrand cross-link repair in response to replication stress: acts by mediating DNA glycosylase activity, cleaving one of the two N-glycosyl bonds comprising the interstrand cross-link, which avoids the formation of a double-strand break but generates an abasic site that is bypassed by translesion synthesis polymerases (By similarity).

In vitro, displays strong glycosylase activity towards the hydantoin lesions spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp) and guanidinohydantoin (Gh) in both ssDNA and dsDNA; also recognizes FapyA, FapyG, 5-OHU, 5-OHC, 5-OHMH, Tg and 8-oxoA lesions in ssDNA (PubMed:12433996, PubMed:19170771, PubMed:22569481, PubMed:23755964).

No activity on 8-oxoG detected (PubMed:12433996, PubMed:19170771, PubMed:22569481, PubMed:23755964).

Also shows weak DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase activity (PubMed:12433996, PubMed:19170771, PubMed:22569481, PubMed:23755964).

In vivo, appears to be the primary enzyme involved in removing Sp and Gh from ssDNA in neonatal tissues (PubMed:12433996, PubMed:19170771, PubMed:22569481, PubMed:23755964).

Biological Process

Base-excision repair Source: HGNC
Base-excision repair, AP site formation Source: Reactome
Depurination Source: Reactome
Interstrand cross-link repair Source: UniProtKB

Cellular Location

Nucleus
Other locations
Chromosome
Note: Recruited to replication stress sites via interaction with ubiquitinated CMG helicase.