NOS2

Nitric oxide is a reactive free radical which acts as a biologic mediator in several processes, including neurotransmission and antimicrobial and antitumoral activities. This gene encodes a nitric oxide synthase which is expressed in liver and is inducible by a combination of lipopolysaccharide and certain cytokines. Three related pseudogenes are located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17.

Full Name

nitric oxide synthase 2

Function

Produces nitric oxide (NO) which is a messenger molecule with diverse functions throughout the body (PubMed:7531687, PubMed:7544004, PubMed:7682706, PubMed:7504305).
In macrophages, NO mediates tumoricidal and bactericidal actions. Also has nitrosylase activity and mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of cytoplasmic target proteins such PTGS2/COX2 (By similarity).
As component of the iNOS-S100A8/9 transnitrosylase complex involved in the selective inflammatory stimulus-dependent S-nitrosylation of GAPDH on 'Cys-247' implicated in regulation of the GAIT complex activity and probably multiple targets including ANXA5, EZR, MSN and VIM (PubMed:25417112).
Involved in inflammation, enhances the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL6 and IL8 (PubMed:19688109).

Biological Process

Arginine catabolic processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:BHF-UCL
Cell redox homeostasisTAS:Reactome
Cellular response to interferon-gammaIEA:Ensembl
Cellular response to lipopolysaccharideIEA:Ensembl
Cellular response to xenobiotic stimulusIEA:Ensembl
Circadian rhythmIEA:Ensembl
Defense response to bacteriumManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Defense response to Gram-negative bacterium1 PublicationNAS:BHF-UCL
Inflammatory responseManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Innate immune response in mucosa1 PublicationNAS:BHF-UCL
Negative regulation of blood pressureManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Negative regulation of gene expressionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIGI:UniProtKB
Negative regulation of protein catabolic processIEA:Ensembl
Nitric oxide biosynthetic processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Nitric oxide mediated signal transductionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylationISS:UniProtKB
Positive regulation of guanylate cyclase activityManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Positive regulation of interleukin-6 productionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Positive regulation of interleukin-8 productionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Positive regulation of killing of cells of another organismManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicityManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:BHF-UCL
Prostaglandin secretionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Regulation of cell population proliferationIEA:Ensembl
Regulation of cellular respirationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:BHF-UCL
Regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory responseManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Regulation of insulin secretionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Response to bacterium1 PublicationNAS:UniProtKB
Response to hormoneManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Response to hypoxiaIEA:Ensembl
Response to lipopolysaccharideManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Superoxide metabolic processISS:UniProtKB

Cellular Location

Cytoplasm, cytosol
Localizes as discrete foci scattered throughout the cytosol and in the presence of SPSB1 and SPSB4, exhibits a more diffuse cytosolic localization.

PTM

Polyubiquitinated; mediated by SPSB1, SPSB2 and SPSB4, leading to proteasomal degradation.