PALLD

This gene encodes a cytoskeletal protein that is required for organizing the actin cytoskeleton. The protein is a component of actin-containing microfilaments, and it is involved in the control of cell shape, adhesion, and contraction. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with a susceptibility to pancreatic cancer type 1, and also with a risk for myocardial infarction. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

Full Name

Palladin, Cytoskeletal Associated Protein

Function

Cytoskeletal protein required for organization of normal actin cytoskeleton. Roles in establishing cell morphology, motility, cell adhesion and cell-extracellular matrix interactions in a variety of cell types. May function as a scaffolding molecule with the potential to influence both actin polymerization and the assembly of existing actin filaments into higher-order arrays. Binds to proteins that bind to either monomeric or filamentous actin. Localizes at sites where active actin remodeling takes place, such as lamellipodia and membrane ruffles. Different isoforms may have functional differences. Involved in the control of morphological and cytoskeletal changes associated with dendritic cell maturation. Involved in targeting ACTN to specific subcellular foci.

Biological Process

Actin cytoskeleton organizationIEA:Ensembl
Axon guidanceManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Cell migrationIEA:InterPro
Cytoskeleton organization1 PublicationNAS:HGNC-UCL
Dendrite self-avoidanceManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Epithelial cell morphogenesisIEA:Ensembl
Homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion moleculesManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Keratinocyte developmentIEA:Ensembl

Cellular Location

Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton
Cell junction, focal adhesion
Cytoplasm, myofibril, sarcomere, Z line
Cell projection, ruffle
Cell projection, podosome
Cell projection, lamellipodium
Cell projection, axon
Cell projection, growth cone
Localizes to stress fibers and Z lines (PubMed:11598191, PubMed:16125169, PubMed:17322171, PubMed:17537434).
Preferentially expressed in the excitatory presynaptic terminals (By similarity).

Involvement in disease

Pancreatic cancer 1 (PNCA1):
A malignant neoplasm of the pancreas. Tumors can arise from both the exocrine and endocrine portions of the pancreas, but 95% of them develop from the exocrine portion, including the ductal epithelium, acinar cells, connective tissue, and lymphatic tissue.

PTM

Phosphorylated predominantly on serines and, to a lesser extent, on tyrosines (By similarity).
Phosphorylation at Ser-1118 by PKB/AKT1 modulates cytoskeletal organization and cell motility.