TLR7

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is predominantly expressed in lung, placenta, and spleen, and lies in close proximity to another family member, TLR8, on chromosome X. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Full Name

TLR7 Gene(Protein Coding) Toll Like Receptor 7

Function

Endosomal receptor that plays a key role in innate and adaptive immunity (PubMed:14976261, PubMed:32433612).
Controls host immune response against pathogens through recognition of uridine-containing single strand RNAs (ssRNAs) of viral origin or guanosine analogs (PubMed:31608988, PubMed:27742543, PubMed:12738885, PubMed:32706371).
Upon binding to agonists, undergoes dimerization that brings TIR domains from the two molecules into direct contact, leading to the recruitment of TIR-containing downstream adapter MYD88 through homotypic interaction (PubMed:27742543).
In turn, the Myddosome signaling complex is formed involving IRAK4, IRAK1, TRAF6, TRAF3 leading to activation of downstream transcription factors NF-kappa-B and IRF7 to induce pro-inflammatory cytokines and interferons, respectively (PubMed:27742543, PubMed:32706371).

Biological Process

Biological Process cellular response to mechanical stimulusSource:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process cellular response to virusSource:Ensembl
Biological Process defense response to virusSource:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signalingSource:GO_Central1 Publication
Biological Process I-kappaB phosphorylationSource:BHF-UCL1 Publication
Biological Process inflammatory responseSource:UniProtKB-KW
Biological Process innate immune responseSource:UniProtKB-KW
Biological Process JNK cascadeSource:Ensembl
Biological Process positive regulation of chemokine productionSource:BHF-UCL1 Publication
Biological Process positive regulation of inflammatory responseSource:BHF-UCL1 Publication
Biological Process positive regulation of interferon-alpha productionSource:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process positive regulation of interferon-beta productionSource:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process positive regulation of interferon-gamma productionSource:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process positive regulation of interleukin-6 productionSource:GO_Central1 Publication
Biological Process positive regulation of interleukin-8 productionSource:BHF-UCL1 Publication
Biological Process positive regulation of macrophage cytokine productionSource:Ensembl
Biological Process positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signalingSource:BHF-UCL1 Publication
Biological Process positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IISource:Ensembl
Biological Process regulation of protein phosphorylationSource:Ensembl
Biological Process toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathwaySource:GO_Central1 Publication
Biological Process toll-like receptor signaling pathwaySource:GO_Central1 Publication

Cellular Location

Endoplasmic reticulum membrane
Endosome
Lysosome
Cytoplasmic vesicle, phagosome
Relocalizes from endoplasmic reticulum to endosome and lysosome upon stimulation with agonist.

Involvement in disease

Immunodeficiency 74, COVID19-related, X-linked (IMD74):
An X-linked recessive immunologic disorder characterized by impaired type I and type II interferon responses due to defective TLR7 signaling. Individuals with TLR7 deficiency develop severe respiratory insufficiency in response to infection with SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Death from respiratory failure may occur.

Topology

Extracellular: 27-839
Helical: 840-860
Cytoplasmic: 861-1049