DGAT1

This gene encodes an multipass transmembrane protein that functions as a key metabolic enzyme. The encoded protein catalyzes the conversion of diacylglycerol and fatty acyl CoA to triacylglycerol. This enzyme can also transfer acyl CoA to retinol. Activity of this protein may be associated with obesity and other metabolic diseases.

Full Name

Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase 1

Function

Catalyzes the terminal and only committed step in triacylglycerol synthesis by using diacylglycerol and fatty acyl CoA as substrates (PubMed:16214399, PubMed:18768481, PubMed:28420705, PubMed:9756920, PubMed:32433611, PubMed:32433610).

Highly expressed in epithelial cells of the small intestine and its activity is essential for the absorption of dietary fats (PubMed:18768481).

In liver, plays a role in esterifying exogenous fatty acids to glycerol, and is required to synthesize fat for storage (PubMed:16214399).

Also present in female mammary glands, where it produces fat in the milk (By similarity).

May be involved in VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) assembly (PubMed:18768481).

In contrast to DGAT2 it is not essential for survival (By similarity).

Functions as the major acyl-CoA retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) in the skin, where it acts to maintain retinoid homeostasis and prevent retinoid toxicity leading to skin and hair disorders (PubMed:16214399).

Exhibits additional acyltransferase activities, includin acyl CoA:monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT), wax monoester and wax diester synthases (By similarity).

Also able to use 1-monoalkylglycerol (1-MAkG) as an acyl acceptor for the synthesis of monoalkyl-monoacylglycerol (MAMAG) (PubMed:28420705).

Biological Process

Acylglycerol acyl-chain remodeling Source: Reactome
Diacylglycerol metabolic process Source: UniProtKB
Fatty acid homeostasis Source: Ensembl
Lipid storage Source: BHF-UCL
Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process Source: BHF-UCL
Monoacylglycerol biosynthetic process Source: UniProtKB
Neutrophil degranulation Source: Reactome
Triglyceride biosynthetic process Source: UniProtKB
Triglyceride metabolic process Source: ProtInc
Very-low-density lipoprotein particle assembly Source: BHF-UCL

Cellular Location

Endoplasmic reticulum membrane

Involvement in disease

Diarrhea 7, protein-losing enteropathy type (DIAR7):
A life-threatening disease characterized by severe, intractable, watery diarrhea.

Topology

Cytoplasmic: 1-83
Helical: 84-118
Lumenal: 119-130
Helical: 131-156
Cytoplasmic: 157-161
Helical: 162-184
Lumenal: 185-191
Helical: 192-223
Cytoplasmic: 224-273
Helical: 274-308
Lumenal: 309-315
Helical: 316-353
Cytoplasmic: 354-399
Helical: 400-420
Lumenal: 421-428
Helical: 429-447
Cytoplasmic: 448-449
Helical: 450-481
Lumenal: 482-488