The protein encoded by this gene is similar to insulin in function and structure and is a member of a family of proteins involved in mediating growth and development. The encoded protein is processed from a precursor, bound by a specific receptor, and secreted. Defects in this gene are a cause of insulin-like growth factor I deficiency. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms that may undergo similar processing to generate mature protein. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]
Full Name
Insulin Like Growth Factor 1
Function
The insulin-like growth factors, isolated from plasma, are structurally and functionally related to insulin but have a much higher growth-promoting activity. May be a physiological regulator of [1-14C]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblasts. Stimulates glucose transport in bone-derived osteoblastic (PyMS) cells and is effective at much lower concentrations than insulin, not only regarding glycogen and DNA synthesis but also with regard to enhancing glucose uptake. May play a role in synapse maturation (PubMed:21076856, PubMed:24132240).
Ca2+-dependent exocytosis of IGF1 is required for sensory perception of smell in the olfactory bulb (By similarity).
Acts as a ligand for IGF1R. Binds to the alpha subunit of IGF1R, leading to the activation of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity which autophosphorylates tyrosine residues in the beta subunit thus initiatiating a cascade of down-stream signaling events leading to activation of the PI3K-AKT/PKB and the Ras-MAPK pathways. Binds to integrins ITGAV:ITGB3 and ITGA6:ITGB4. Its binding to integrins and subsequent ternary complex formation with integrins and IGFR1 are essential for IGF1 signaling. Induces the phosphorylation and activation of IGFR1, MAPK3/ERK1, MAPK1/ERK2 and AKT1 (PubMed:19578119, PubMed:22351760, PubMed:23696648, PubMed:23243309).
Biological Process
Activation of protein kinase B activity Source: UniProtKB Bone mineralization involved in bone maturation Source: BHF-UCL Cell activation Source: MGI Cell population proliferation Source: AgBase Cellular response to amyloid-beta Source: ARUK-UCL ERK1 and ERK2 cascade Source: AgBase Glycolate metabolic process Source: ProtInc Insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB Muscle hypertrophy Source: BHF-UCL Muscle organ development Source: ProtInc Myoblast differentiation Source: BHF-UCL Myoblast proliferation Source: BHF-UCL Myotube cell development Source: BHF-UCL Negative regulation of amyloid-beta formation Source: ARUK-UCL Negative regulation of apoptotic process Source: AgBase Negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway Source: BHF-UCL Negative regulation of gene expression Source: BHF-UCL Negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production Source: ARUK-UCL Negative regulation of neuroinflammatory response Source: ARUK-UCL Negative regulation of oocyte development Source: AgBase Negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria Source: UniProtKB Negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process Source: BHF-UCL Negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production Source: ARUK-UCL Negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process Source: BHF-UCL Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling Source: AgBase Phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling Source: BHF-UCL Positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation Source: BHF-UCL Positive regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade Source: UniProtKB Positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy Source: UniProtKB Positive regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development Source: BHF-UCL Positive regulation of cell migration Source: AgBase Positive regulation of cell population proliferation Source: BHF-UCL Positive regulation of DNA binding Source: UniProtKB Positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation Source: BHF-UCL Positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade Source: UniProtKB Positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation Source: BHF-UCL Positive regulation of gene expression Source: ARUK-UCL Positive regulation of glucose import Source: UniProtKB Positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process Source: UniProtKB Positive regulation of glycolytic process Source: BHF-UCL Positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process Source: AgBase Positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway Source: BHF-UCL Positive regulation of MAPK cascade Source: UniProtKB Positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division Source: UniProtKB Positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation Source: BHF-UCL Positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation Source: ARUK-UCL Positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling Source: BHF-UCL Positive regulation of protein secretion Source: AgBase Positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction Source: BHF-UCL Positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration Source: BHF-UCL Positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation Source: BHF-UCL Positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKB Positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: BHF-UCL Positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding Source: AgBase Positive regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation Source: AgBase Positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein Source: BHF-UCL Positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation Source: BHF-UCL Protein kinase B signaling Source: AgBase Protein stabilization Source: AgBase Proteoglycan biosynthetic process Source: BHF-UCL Ras protein signal transduction Source: ProtInc Regulation of gene expression Source: AgBase Regulation of multicellular organism growth Source: BHF-UCL Response to heat Source: AgBase Signal transduction Source: ProtInc Skeletal muscle satellite cell maintenance involved in skeletal muscle regeneration Source: BHF-UCL Skeletal system development Source: ProtInc Wound healing Source: BHF-UCL
Cellular Location
Secreted
Involvement in disease
Insulin-like growth factor I deficiency (IGF1 deficiency): Autosomal recessive disorder characterized by growth retardation, sensorineural deafness and mental retardation.
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Datasheet