PTP1B Antibodies

Structure of PTP1B

PTP1B is a crucial non-receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase. Its molecular weight is highly conserved in mammals, approximately 50 kDa.

This protein is composed of approximately 435 amino acids. Its primary structure includes a catalytic domain at the N-terminus and a hydrophobic tail at the C-terminus. Its secondary and tertiary structures form a classic phosphatase fold, in which the catalytic active site contains a crucial "P-ring" (sequence motif: HCXXGXXRS/T), and the cysteine residue at position 215 (Cys215) is the core for performing nucleophilic attack and hydrolyzing the phosphotyrosine bond. An adjacent "WPD ring" (dominated by ASP181) undergoes conformational changes after substrate binding, transitioning from "open" to "closed" state, precisely positioning the substrate at the active site. Its quaternary structure usually functions as a monomer, but it can be regulated in terms of its activity and localization through interactions with other proteins. The precise three-dimensional structure of PTP1B (especially its deep and positively charged active pocket) has provided a solid structural basis for designing highly selective inhibitors for treating type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Fig. 1 Schematic representation of the domain structures of PTP1B full length.¹

Key structural properties of PTP1B:

• Classical phosphatases fold domains to form deep and positively charged active site pockets
• Conserved "P-loop" structure with catalytic core (Cys215 key residue)
• "WPD ring" (including Asp181) closed conformation in the substrate when combined
• Carbon hydrophobic sequence formation endoplasmic reticulum anchor structure domain

Functions of PTP1B

The main function of PTP1B is to act as a key negative regulatory factor in the insulin and leptin signaling pathways, mediating metabolic regulation by catalyzing dephosphorylation reactions. Additionally, it is involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, adhesion, and endoplasmic reticulum stress responses.

Unlike multi-subunit enzymes with synergistic effects, PTP1B acts as a monomeric enzyme, and its enzymatic reaction kinetics typically exhibit the classic Michaelis-Menten curve characteristics. This reflects its direct and highly efficient hydrolysis ability on individual phosphorylated tyrosine sites, enabling it to play a precise "molecular switch" role in complex signaling networks.

Applications of PTP1B and PTP1B Antibody in Literature

1. Liu, Rongxing, et al. "Human protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B): from structure to clinical inhibitor perspectives." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23.13 (2022): 7027. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137027

The article indicates that phosphorylation is a key process for regulating biological functions, which is jointly regulated by protein kinases and phosphatases. PTP1B, as a core protein tyrosine phosphatase, is associated with diseases such as diabetes and obesity. This article reviews three types of highly specific inhibitors for it: catalytic site targeting, allosteric site targeting, and mRNA targeting strategies, providing a new direction for the development of efficient small molecule drugs.

2. Kołodziej-Sobczak, Dominika, Łukasz Sobczak, and Krzysztof Z. Łączkowski. "Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B): A comprehensive review of its role in pathogenesis of human diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25.13 (2024): 7033. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137033

The article indicates that overexpression of PTP1B is associated with various diseases. Although the development of its inhibitors has been slow in clinical trials, this target has great potential. This article reviews the latest progress and aims to clarify the intrinsic connections of PTP1B in multiple diseases, advocating the adoption of a holistic treatment strategy to promote the development of new inhibitors.

3. Danquah, Bright D., et al. "Mass Spectrometric analysis of antibody—Epitope peptide complex dissociation: Theoretical concept and practical procedure of binding strength characterization." Molecules 25.20 (2020): 4776. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000030826

This article utilizes mass spectrometry to characterize the binding strength and dissociation dynamics of myoglobin and its antibody-epitope complexes, providing a methodological framework for quantifying protein-ligand interactions and advancing epitope mapping in antibody research.

4. Zhang, Xiao, et al. "PTP1B Modulates Carotid Plaque Vulnerability in Atherosclerosis Through Rab5‐PDGFRβ‐Mediated Endocytosis Disruption and Apoptosis." CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics 30.11 (2024): e70071. https://doi.org/10.1111/cns.70071

This study reveals that PTP1B regulates the Rab5-mediated PDGFRβ endocytosis, affecting the balance of the intracellular endocytic system in vascular smooth muscle cells, inducing cell apoptosis, and thereby increasing the instability of carotid artery plaques. Inhibiting PTP1B can alleviate atherosclerosis, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target.

5. Oliver, Helk, et al. "Myeloid PTP1B deficiency protects against atherosclerosis by improving cholesterol homeostasis through an AMPK-dependent mechanism." Journal of translational medicine 21.1 (2023): 715. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-023-04598-2

Studies have confirmed that inhibiting PTP1B in myeloid cells can enhance the uptake of ApoB-containing lipoproteins by Kupffer cells, reduce the formation of foam cells, and promote reverse cholesterol transport, thereby exerting an anti-atherosclerotic effect. This provides a new basis for targeted PTP1B therapy.

Creative Biolabs: PTP1B Antibodies for Research

Creative Biolabs specializes in the production of high-quality PTP1B antibodies for research and industrial applications. Our portfolio includes monoclonal antibodies tailored for ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and other diagnostic methodologies.

• Custom PTP1B Antibody Development: Tailor-made solutions to meet specific research requirements.
• Bulk Production: Large-scale antibody manufacturing for industry partners.
• Technical Support: Expert consultation for protocol optimization and troubleshooting.
• Aliquoting Services: Conveniently sized aliquots for long-term storage and consistent experimental outcomes.

For more details on our PTP1B antibodies, custom preparations, or technical support, contact us at email.