ROCK1

This gene encodes a protein serine/threonine kinase that is activated when bound to the GTP-bound form of Rho. The small GTPase Rho regulates formation of focal adhesions and stress fibers of fibroblasts, as well as adhesion and aggregation of platelets and lymphocytes by shuttling between the inactive GDP-bound form and the active GTP-bound form. Rho is also essential in cytokinesis and plays a role in transcriptional activation by serum response factor. This protein, a downstream effector of Rho, phosphorylates and activates LIM kinase, which in turn, phosphorylates cofilin, inhibiting its actin-depolymerizing activity. A pseudogene, related to this gene, is also located on chromosome 18.

Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1

Protein kinase which is a key regulator of the actin cytoskeleton and cell polarity (PubMed:10436159, PubMed:10652353, PubMed:11018042, PubMed:11283607, PubMed:17158456, PubMed:18573880, PubMed:19131646, PubMed:8617235, PubMed:9722579).
Involved in regulation of smooth muscle contraction, actin cytoskeleton organization, stress fiber and focal adhesion formation, neurite retraction, cell adhesion and motility via phosphorylation of DAPK3, GFAP, LIMK1, LIMK2, MYL9/MLC2, TPPP, PFN1 and PPP1R12A (PubMed:10436159, PubMed:10652353, PubMed:11018042, PubMed:11283607, PubMed:17158456, PubMed:18573880, PubMed:19131646, PubMed:8617235, PubMed:9722579, PubMed:23093407, PubMed:23355470).
Phosphorylates FHOD1 and acts synergistically with it to promote SRC-dependent non-apoptotic plasma membrane blebbing (PubMed:18694941).
Phosphorylates JIP3 and regulates the recruitment of JNK to JIP3 upon UVB-induced stress (PubMed:19036714).
Acts as a suppressor of inflammatory cell migration by regulating PTEN phosphorylation and stability (By similarity).
Acts as a negative regulator of VEGF-induced angiogenic endothelial cell activation (PubMed:19181962).
Required for centrosome positioning and centrosome-dependent exit from mitosis (By similarity).
Plays a role in terminal erythroid differentiation (PubMed:21072057).
Inhibits podocyte motility via regulation of actin cytoskeletal dynamics and phosphorylation of CFL1 (By similarity).
Promotes keratinocyte terminal differentiation (PubMed:19997641).
Involved in osteoblast compaction through the fibronectin fibrillogenesis cell-mediated matrix assembly process, essential for osteoblast mineralization (By similarity).
May regulate closure of the eyelids and ventral body wall by inducing the assembly of actomyosin bundles (By similarity).

Biological Process actin cytoskeleton organizationISS:BHF-UCL
Biological Process actomyosin structure organizationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Biological Process aortic valve morphogenesisISS:BHF-UCL
Biological Process apical constrictionIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process bleb assemblyIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process blood vessel diameter maintenanceISS:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process cortical actin cytoskeleton organizationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Biological Process embryonic morphogenesisManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Biological Process epithelial to mesenchymal transitionISS:BHF-UCL
Biological Process I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signalingManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Biological Process leukocyte cell-cell adhesionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:BHF-UCL
Biological Process leukocyte migrationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:BHF-UCL
Biological Process leukocyte tethering or rollingManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:BHF-UCL
Biological Process membrane to membrane dockingManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:BHF-UCL
Biological Process mitotic cytokinesisManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Biological Process motor neuron apoptotic processIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process mRNA destabilizationISS:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process myoblast migrationISS:UniProtKB
Biological Process negative regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolic processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process negative regulation of amyloid-beta formationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process negative regulation of angiogenesisManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Biological Process negative regulation of bicellular tight junction assemblyManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIGI:UniProtKB
Biological Process negative regulation of biomineral tissue developmentISS:BHF-UCL
Biological Process negative regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysisManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process negative regulation of motor neuron apoptotic processIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process negative regulation of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activityManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Biological Process negative regulation of phosphorylationISS:UniProtKB
Biological Process negative regulation of protein bindingManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Biological Process neuron projection arborizationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIGI:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process neuron projection developmentManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIGI:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process peptidyl-serine phosphorylationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Biological Process peptidyl-threonine phosphorylationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Biological Process podocyte cell migrationISS:UniProtKB
Biological Process positive regulation of amyloid-beta clearanceManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIGI:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process positive regulation of autophagyManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIGI:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophyManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process positive regulation of connective tissue replacementManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process positive regulation of dephosphorylationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process positive regulation of focal adhesion assemblyISS:UniProtKB
Biological Process positive regulation of gene expressionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process positive regulation of MAPK cascadeManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process positive regulation of phosphatase activityManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process protein localization to plasma membraneManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Biological Process protein phosphorylationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Biological Process regulation of actin cytoskeleton organizationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Biological Process regulation of actin filament-based processIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process regulation of amyloid-beta formationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process regulation of angiotensin-activated signaling pathwayManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process regulation of autophagyManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process regulation of cell adhesionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:UniProtKB
Biological Process regulation of cell junction assemblyManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Biological Process regulation of cell migrationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Biological Process regulation of cell motilityManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:UniProtKB
Biological Process regulation of establishment of cell polarityManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:UniProtKB
Biological Process regulation of establishment of endothelial barrierManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Biological Process regulation of focal adhesion assemblyManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:UniProtKB
Biological Process regulation of keratinocyte differentiationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Biological Process regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organizationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Biological Process regulation of neuron differentiationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIGI:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process regulation of stress fiber assemblyManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:UniProtKB
Biological Process regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosisManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIGI:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process response to angiotensinISS:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process response to transforming growth factor betaISS:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process Rho protein signal transductionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIGI:ARUK-UCL
Biological Process signal transductionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:ProtInc
Biological Process smooth muscle contractionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:UniProtKB

Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome, centriole
Golgi apparatus membrane
Cell projection, bleb
Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton
Cell membrane
Cell projection, lamellipodium
Cell projection, ruffle
A small proportion is associated with Golgi membranes (PubMed:12773565).
Associated with the mother centriole and an intercentriolar linker (By similarity).
Colocalizes with ITGB1BP1 and ITGB1 at the cell membrane predominantly in lamellipodia and membrane ruffles, but also in retraction fibers (By similarity).
Localizes at the cell membrane in an ITGB1BP1-dependent manner (By similarity).

Autophosphorylated on serine and threonine residues.
Cleaved by caspase-3 during apoptosis. This leads to constitutive activation of the kinase and membrane blebbing.