VMP1

This gene encodes a transmembrane protein that plays a key regulatory role in the process of autophagy. The ectopic overexpression of the encoded protein in cultured cells triggers autophagy even under nutrient-rich conditions. This gene is overexpressed in pancreatitis affected acinar cells where the encoded protein mediates sequestration and degradation of potentially deleterious activated zymogen granules in a process termed, zymophagy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

Full Name

Vacuole Membrane Protein 1

Function

Phospholipid scramblase involved in lipid homeostasis and membrane dynamics processes (PubMed:33929485, PubMed:33850023).
Has phospholipid scramblase activity toward cholesterol and phosphatidylserine, as well as phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine (PubMed:33929485, PubMed:33850023).
Required for autophagosome formation: participates in early stages of autophagosome biogenesis at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane by reequilibrating the leaflets of the ER as lipids are extracted by ATG2 (ATG2A or ATG2B) to mediate autophagosome assembly (PubMed:28890335, PubMed:30093494, PubMed:30933966, PubMed:33929485, PubMed:33850023).
Regulates ATP2A2 activity to control ER-isolation membrane contacts for autophagosome formation (PubMed:28890335).
In addition to autophagy, involved in other processes in which phospholipid scramblase activity is required (PubMed:31526472, PubMed:33850023).
Modulates ER contacts with lipid droplets, mitochondria and endosomes (PubMed:28890335).
Plays an essential role in formation of cell junctions (PubMed:17724469).
Upon stress such as bacterial and viral infection, promotes formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles followed by cell death (By similarity).
Involved in the cytoplasmic vacuolization of acinar cells during the early stage of acute pancreatitis (By similarity).
(Microbial infection) Host factor required for infection by all flaviviruses tested such as Zika virus and Yellow fever virus (PubMed:33338421).
Probably required post-entry of the virus to facilitate the ER membrane remodeling necessary to form replication organelles (PubMed:33338421).

Biological Process

Biological Process autophagosome assembly Source:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process autophagosome membrane docking Source:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process autophagy Source:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process cell junction assembly Source:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process cell-cell adhesion Source:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process embryo implantation Source:Ensembl
Biological Process Golgi organization Source:GO_Central1 Publication
Biological Process lipoprotein transport Source:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process mitochondrion-endoplasmic reticulum membrane tethering Source:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process organelle localization by membrane tethering Source:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process positive regulation of ATPase-coupled calcium transmembrane transporter activity Source:UniProtKB1 Publication

Cellular Location

Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
Cell membrane
Vacuole membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane

Topology

Cytoplasmic: 2-43
Helical: 44-64
Extracellular: 65-77
Helical: 78-98
Cytoplasmic: 99-109
Helical: 110-130
Extracellular: 131-250
Helical: 251-271
Cytoplasmic: 272-273
Helical: 274-294
Extracellular: 295-305
Helical: 306-326
Cytoplasmic: 327-363
Helical: 364-384
Extracellular: 385-406