AVP

This gene encodes a member of the vasopressin/oxytocin family and preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate multiple protein products. These products include the neuropeptide hormone arginine vasopressin, and two other peptides, neurophysin 2 and copeptin. Arginine vasopressin is a posterior pituitary hormone that is synthesized in the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Along with its carrier protein, neurophysin 2, it is packaged into neurosecretory vesicles and transported axonally to the nerve endings in the neurohypophysis where it is either stored or secreted into the bloodstream. The precursor is thought to be activated while it is being transported along the axon to the posterior pituitary. Arginine vasopressin acts as a growth factor by enhancing pH regulation through acid-base transport systems. It has a direct antidiuretic action on the kidney, and also causes vasoconstriction of the peripheral vessels. This hormone can contract smooth muscle during parturition and lactation. It is also involved in cognition, tolerance, adaptation and complex sexual and maternal behaviour, as well as in the regulation of water excretion and cardiovascular functions. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal dominant neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus (ADNDI). This gene is present in a gene cluster with the related gene oxytocin on chromosome 20. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]

Full Name

Arginine Vasopressin

Function

Neurophysin 2: Specifically binds vasopressin.
Arg-vasopressin: Has a direct antidiuretic action on the kidney, it also causes vasoconstriction of the peripheral vessels. Acts by binding to vasopressin receptors (V1bR/AVPR1B, V1aR/AVPR1A, and V2R/AVPR2) (PubMed:18174156).

Biological Process

Cell-cell signaling Source: ProtInc
ERK1 and ERK2 cascade Source: UniProtKB
Generation of precursor metabolites and energy Source: ProtInc
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Source: Reactome
Grooming behavior Source: Ensembl
Hyperosmotic salinity response Source: Ensembl
Locomotory behavior Source: Ensembl
Maternal aggressive behavior Source: Ensembl
Maternal behavior Source: Ensembl
Membrane organization Source: Reactome
Negative regulation of apoptotic process Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of female receptivity Source: Ensembl
Negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus Source: Reactome
Negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of transmission of nerve impulse Source: Ensembl
Penile erection Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of cell growth Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of cell population proliferation Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of cellular pH reduction Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of gene expression Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of glutamate secretion Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of vasoconstriction Source: Ensembl
Protein kinase C signaling Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of renal sodium excretion Source: Ensembl
Renal water homeostasis Source: Reactome
Response to ethanol Source: Ensembl
Response to nicotine Source: Ensembl
Response to testosterone Source: Ensembl
Signal transduction Source: UniProtKB
Social behavior Source: Ensembl
Vasoconstriction Source: UniProtKB-KW
Water transport Source: ProtInc

Cellular Location

Secreted

Involvement in disease

Diabetes insipidus, neurohypophyseal (NDI): A disease characterized by persistent thirst, polydipsia and polyuria. Affected individuals are apparently normal at birth, but characteristically develop symptoms of vasopressin deficiency during childhood.