CXCL11 Antibodies

Structure of CXCL11

CXCL11 is a small chemotactic factor protein with a molecular weight of approximately 8.4 kDa. There are slight differences in its molecular weight among different species, mainly due to minor variations in the amino acid sequence.

This protein is typically composed of 73 amino acid residues (in its mature peptide form) and folds into a compact three-dimensional structure consisting of antiparallel β-sheet and C-terminal α-helix. Its core region contains a conserved three-dimensional fold stabilized by disulfide bonds (e.g., Cys9-Cys50), which is crucial for maintaining structural stability and receptor binding. The "ELR" motif at the N-terminus (actually "DLR" in CXCL11) is a key site for recognizing and binding to its specific receptor CXCR3, while the region rich in basic amino acids near the C-terminus is responsible for interacting with glycosaminoglycans on the cell surface, thereby anchoring the chemokine to the cell surface or extracellular matrix, forming a concentration gradient.

Fig. 1 CXCL11 Promotes HCC Metastasis Through circUBAP2/miR-4756/IFIT1/3 Axis.¹

Key structural properties of CXCL11:

• Conservative folding of the chemokine (antiparallel β-sheet and C-terminal α-helix)
• Core structure through the disulfide bond (Cys9 - Cys50) stability
• The N-terminal contains the "DLR" motif that specifically binds to the CXCR3 receptor

Functions of CXCL11

The main function of CXCL11 is to act as a chemokine, specifically recruiting immune cells to the sites of inflammation or infection. At the same time, it also participates in regulating processes such as the tumor microenvironment, autoimmune responses, and angiogenesis.

Similar to many chemokines, the functional expression of CXCL11 depends on the concentration gradient formed in the tissue. However, its binding affinity to the CXCR3 receptor is usually higher than that of other ligands in the same family (such as CXCL9 and CXCL10), which enables it to play a more precise regulatory role in specific immune responses.

Applications of CXCL11 and CXCL11 Antibody in Literature

1. Liu, Gao, et al. "Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived CXCL11 modulates hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and tumor metastasis through the circUBAP2/miR-4756/IFIT1/3 axis." Cell death & disease 12.3 (2021): 260. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-021-03545-7

Studies have found that liver cancer-related fibroblasts activate the circUBAP2/miR-4756/IFIT1/3 axis by hypersecreting CXCL11, promoting the expression of IL-17/IL-1β, thereby driving the migration and metastasis of liver cancer. Blocking this pathway can inhibit tumor progression.

2. Zhang, Menghan, et al. "Gut microbial metabolite butyrate suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma growth via CXCL11-dependent enhancement of natural killer cell infiltration." Gut Microbes 17.1 (2025): 2519706. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2025.2519706

Research has found that butyrate, a metabolic product of the gut microbiota, upregulates the expression of CXCL11 in tumor cells through epigenetic remodeling, thereby promoting NK cell infiltration, enhancing their anti-tumor function and improving the prognosis of liver cancer patients.

3. Gil, Christian Martin, et al. "Myostatin and CXCL11 promote nervous tissue macrophages to maintain osteoarthritis pain." Brain, behavior, and immunity 116 (2024): 203-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.004

Research has found that CXCL11 and myostatin mediate the persistence of osteoarthritis pain. CXCL11 promotes the aggregation of macrophages in the dorsal root ganglion, and myostatin drives their M1 polarization. Blocking any pathway can relieve pain and reveal a new mechanism of neuroimmune interaction.

4. Li, Yang, et al. "CXCL11 correlates with immune infiltration and impacts patient immunotherapy efficacy: A pan-cancer analysis." Frontiers in immunology 13 (2022): 951247. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.951247

Research has found that CXCL11 is highly expressed in most tumors and is significantly correlated with CD8+ T cell infiltration and immune pathways. Its expression level is associated with biomarkers such as tumor mutational burden, suggesting that it can serve as a potential biomarker for pan-cancer prognosis and immunotherapy.

5. Cao, Yingying, et al. "CXCL11 correlates with antitumor immunity and an improved prognosis in colon cancer." Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 9 (2021): 646252. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.646252

Research has found that CXCL11 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues, especially in colon cancer, and is associated with prolonged survival of patients. Its expression promotes the infiltration of anti-tumor immune cells and is positively correlated with cytotoxic genes and PD-L1, making it an independent prognostic biomarker.

Creative Biolabs: CXCL11 Antibodies for Research

Creative Biolabs specializes in the production of high-quality CXCL11 antibodies for research and industrial applications. Our portfolio includes monoclonal antibodies tailored for ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and other diagnostic methodologies.

• Custom CXCL11 Antibody Development: Tailor-made solutions to meet specific research requirements.
• Bulk Production: Large-scale antibody manufacturing for industry partners.
• Technical Support: Expert consultation for protocol optimization and troubleshooting.
• Aliquoting Services: Conveniently sized aliquots for long-term storage and consistent experimental outcomes.

For more details on our CXCL11 antibodies, custom preparations, or technical support, contact us at email.