IRF9

IRF9 (Interferon Regulatory Factor 9) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with IRF9 include Skin Papilloma and Hepatitis C. Among its related pathways are Immune response IFN gamma signaling pathway and Cytokine Signaling in Immune system. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include DNA binding transcription factor activity. An important paralog of this gene is IRF8.

Full Name

IRF9

Function

Transcription factor that plays an essential role in anti-viral immunity. It mediates signaling by type I IFNs (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta). Following type I IFN binding to cell surface receptors, Jak kinases (TYK2 and JAK1) are activated, leading to tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2. IRF9/ISGF3G associates with the phosphorylated STAT1:STAT2 dimer to form a complex termed ISGF3 transcription factor, that enters the nucleus. ISGF3 binds to the IFN stimulated response element (ISRE) to activate the transcription of interferon stimulated genes, which drive the cell in an antiviral state.

Biological Process

Cell surface receptor signaling pathwayManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:ProtInc
Defense response to virusIEA:UniProtKB-KW
Immune system processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:ComplexPortal
Regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Transcription by RNA polymerase IIManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:ProtInc

Cellular Location

Cytoplasm; Nucleus. Translocated into the nucleus upon activation by IFN-alpha/beta.

Involvement in disease

Immunodeficiency 65 (IMD65):
An autosomal recessive immunologic disorder characterized by recurrent viral infections from early infancy. Clinical consequences are pneumonia, bronchiectasis, and septic shock. Affected individuals have lymphopenia or hypogammaglobulinemia, particularly during infection, and impaired cellular type I interferon response. Patients may have adverse response to vaccination with live attenuated vaccines.

PTM

(Microbial infection) Ubiquitinated by Herpes simplex virus 2 E3 ubiquitin ligase ICP22.