PIWIL4

PIWIL4 (Piwi Like RNA-Mediated Gene Silencing 4) is a protein coding gene. Among its related pathways are Gene Expression and Mitotic Prophase. Gene Ontology annotations related to this gene include nucleic acid binding and piRNA binding. An important paralog of the gene is PIWIL1.

Full Name

Piwi like RNA-mediated gene silencing 4

Function

Plays a central role during spermatogenesis by repressing transposable elements and preventing their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity (By similarity).
Acts via the piRNA metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and governs the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons (By similarity).
Directly binds piRNAs, a class of 24 to 30 nucleotide RNAs that are generated by a Dicer-independent mechanism and are primarily derived from transposons and other repeated sequence elements (By similarity).
Associates with secondary piRNAs antisense and PIWIL2/MILI is required for such association (By similarity).
The piRNA process acts upstream of known mediators of DNA methylation (By similarity).
Does not show endonuclease activity (By similarity).
Plays a key role in the piRNA amplification loop, also named ping-pong amplification cycle, by acting as a 'slicer-incompetent' component that loads cleaved piRNAs from the 'slicer-competent' component PIWIL2 and target them on genomic transposon loci in the nucleus (By similarity).
May be involved in the chromatin-modifying pathway by inducing 'Lys-9' methylation of histone H3 at some loci (PubMed:17544373).
In addition to its role in germline, PIWIL4 also plays a role in the regulation of somatic cells activities. Plays a role in pancreatic beta cell function and insulin secretion (By similarity).
Involved in maintaining cell morphology and functional integrity of retinal epithelial through Akt/GSK3alpha/beta signaling pathway (PubMed:28025795).
When overexpressed, acts as an oncogene by inhibition of apoptosis and promotion of cells proliferation in tumors (PubMed:22483988).

Biological Process

Cell differentiationIEA:UniProtKB-KW
DNA methylation involved in gamete generationISS:UniProtKB
Epithelial structure maintenanceManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Gene silencing by RNAISS:UniProtKB
Meiotic cell cycleIEA:UniProtKB-KW
Negative regulation of transpositionISS:UniProtKB
piRNA metabolic processISS:UniProtKB
Regulation of translationIEA:UniProtKB-KW
SpermatogenesisISS:UniProtKB

Cellular Location

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Probable component of the meiotic nuage, also named P granule, a germ-cell-specific organelle required to repress transposon activity during meiosis. PIWIL2/MILI is required for nuclear localization (By similarity).

PTM

Arginine methylation by PRMT5 is required for the interaction with Tudor domain-containing protein (TDRD1, TDRKH/TDRD2 and TDRD9) and subsequent localization to the meiotic nuage, also named P granule.