RCC2

The protein encoded by this gene is a guanine exchange factor that is active on RalA, a small GTPase. The encoded protein and RalA are both essential for proper kinetochore-microtubule function in early mitosis. This protein has been shown to be a biomarker for colorectal cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2016]

Regulator Of Chromosome Condensation 2

Multifunctional protein that may affect its functions by regulating the activity of small GTPases, such as RAC1 and RALA (PubMed:12919680, PubMed:25074804, PubMed:26158537, PubMed:28869598).
Required for normal progress through the cell cycle, both during interphase and during mitosis (PubMed:23388455, PubMed:12919680, PubMed:26158537).
Required for the presence of normal levels of MAD2L1, AURKB and BIRC5 on inner centromeres during mitosis, and for normal attachment of kinetochores to mitotic spindles (PubMed:12919680, PubMed:26158537).
Required for normal organization of the microtubule cytoskeleton in interphase cells (PubMed:23388455).
Functions as guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RALA (PubMed:26158537).
Interferes with the activation of RAC1 by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (PubMed:25074804).
Prevents accumulation of active, GTP-bound RAC1, and suppresses RAC1-mediated reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and formation of membrane protrusions (PubMed:25074804, PubMed:28869598).
Required for normal cellular responses to contacts with the extracellular matrix of adjacent cells, and for directional cell migration in response to a fibronectin gradient (in vitro) (PubMed:25074804, PubMed:28869598).

Biological Process activation of GTPase activityIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process cell cycleIEA:UniProtKB-KW
Biological Process cell divisionIEA:UniProtKB-KW
Biological Process chromosome passenger complex localization to kinetochoreManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Biological Process establishment of protein localizationIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process focal adhesion assemblyManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Biological Process integrin-mediated signaling pathwayManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Biological Process negative regulation of focal adhesion assemblyISS:UniProtKB
Biological Process negative regulation of GTPase activityManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Biological Process negative regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreadingISS:UniProtKB
Biological Process positive regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochoreManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Biological Process positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycleManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Biological Process regulation of cell migrationISS:UniProtKB
Biological Process regulation of fibroblast migrationIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process regulation of ruffle assemblyIEA:Ensembl

Nucleus, nucleolus
Nucleus
Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton
Chromosome, centromere
Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle
Chromosome
Midbody
Cell membrane
Appears in the nucleus at G2, then concentrates at the inner centromere region of chromosomes during prophase. Redistributes to the midzone of the mitotic spindle during anaphase. Here, the protein covers the entire equatorial diameter from cortex to cortex (PubMed:12919680, PubMed:1939370, PubMed:7559776, PubMed:9914378).
Colocalizes with cytoplasmic microtubules in interphase cells (PubMed:23388455).
Colocalizes with RAC1 at the cell membrane (PubMed:25074804).