SLC27A2

The protein encoded by this gene is an isozyme of long-chain fatty-acid-coenzyme A ligase family. Although differing in substrate specificity, subcellular localization, and tissue distribution, all isozymes of this family convert free long-chain fatty acids into fatty acyl-CoA esters, and thereby play a key role in lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid degradation. This isozyme activates long-chain, branched-chain and very-long-chain fatty acids containing 22 or more carbons to their CoA derivatives. It is expressed primarily in liver and kidney, and is present in both endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomes, but not in mitochondria. Its decreased peroxisomal enzyme activity is in part responsible for the biochemical pathology in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq]

Full Name

solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 2

Function

Mediates the import of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) into the cell by facilitating their transport across cell membranes, playing an important role in hepatic fatty acid uptake (PubMed:20530735, PubMed:22022213, PubMed:24269233, PubMed:10198260, PubMed:10749848, PubMed:11980911).
Also functions as an acyl-CoA ligase catalyzing the ATP-dependent formation of fatty acyl-CoA using LCFA and very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) as substrates, which prevents fatty acid efflux from cells and might drive more fatty acid uptake (PubMed:20530735, PubMed:22022213, PubMed:24269233, PubMed:10198260, PubMed:10749848, PubMed:11980911).
Plays a pivotal role in regulating available LCFA substrates from exogenous sources in tissues undergoing high levels of beta-oxidation or triglyceride synthesis (PubMed:20530735).
Can also activate branched-chain fatty acids such as phytanic acid and pristanic acid (PubMed:10198260).
May contribute to the synthesis of sphingosine-1-phosphate (PubMed:24269233).
Does not activate C24 bile acids, cholate and chenodeoxycholate (PubMed:11980911).
In vitro, activates 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanate (THCA), the C27 precursor of cholic acid deriving from the de novo synthesis from cholesterol (PubMed:11980911).
However, it is not critical for THCA activation and bile synthesis in vivo (PubMed:20530735).
Isoform 1
Exhibits both long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) transport activity and acyl CoA synthetase towards very long-chain fatty acids (PubMed:21768100, PubMed:10198260).
Shows a preference for generating CoA derivatives of n-3 fatty acids, which are preferentially trafficked into phosphatidylinositol (PubMed:21768100).2 Publications
Isoform 2
Exhibits long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) transport activity but lacks acyl CoA synthetase towards very long-chain fatty acids.

Biological Process

Biological Process bile acid biosynthetic processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Biological Process fatty acid alpha-oxidationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Biological Process fatty acid beta-oxidationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Biological Process long-chain fatty acid import into cellManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Biological Process long-chain fatty acid metabolic processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Biological Process methyl-branched fatty acid metabolic processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Biological Process very long-chain fatty acid catabolic processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central

Cellular Location

Endoplasmic reticulum membrane
Peroxisome membrane
Cell membrane
Microsome

Topology

Lumenal: 1-4
Helical: 5-27
Cytoplasmic: 28-106
Helical: 107-127
Lumenal: 128-261
Helical: 262-282
Cytoplasmic: 283-620