Mouse Anti-NPPA Recombinant Antibody (F-2) (CBMAB-A4629-YC)

Mouse

Human, Mouse, Rat

F-2

IgG

WB, IP, IF, ELISA

Human, Mouse, Rat

IgG

Monoclonal

The COA includes recommended starting dilutions, optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.

Store at 4°C short term (1-2 weeks). Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.

Natriuretic Peptide A

NPPA belongs to the natriuretic peptide family. Natriuretic peptides are implicated in the control of extracellular fluid volume and electrolyte homeostasis. This protein is synthesized as a large precursor (containing a signal peptide), which is processe

ANF; ANP; ATFB6; ATRST2; CDD; CDD-ANF; CDP; PND

Atrial natriuretic peptide
Hormone that plays a key role in mediating cardio-renal homeostasis, and is involved in vascular remodeling and regulating energy metabolism (PubMed:8653797, PubMed:7595132, PubMed:2825692, PubMed:7720651, PubMed:8087923, PubMed:2532366, PubMed:22307324, PubMed:18835931, PubMed:21672517, PubMed:15741263, PubMed:16875975).
Acts by specifically binding and stimulating NPR1 to produce cGMP, which in turn activates effector proteins, such as PRKG1, that drive various biological responses (PubMed:25401746, PubMed:9893117, PubMed:1672777, PubMed:1660465, PubMed:2162527, PubMed:2825692, PubMed:7720651, PubMed:22307324, PubMed:8384600, PubMed:21098034).
Regulates vasodilation, natriuresis, diuresis and aldosterone synthesis and is therefore essential for regulating blood pressure, controlling the extracellular fluid volume and maintaining the fluid-electrolyte balance (PubMed:8653797, PubMed:7595132, PubMed:2825692, PubMed:7720651, PubMed:2532366, PubMed:8087923).
Also involved in inhibiting cardiac remodeling and cardiac hypertrophy by inducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis and attenuating the growth of cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts (PubMed:16875975).
Plays a role in female pregnancy by promoting trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling in uterus, and thus prevents pregnancy-induced hypertension (By similarity).
In adipose tissue, acts in various cGMP- and PKG-dependent pathways to regulate lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis (PubMed:22307324, PubMed:18835931, PubMed:21672517, PubMed:15741263).
This includes up-regulating lipid metabolism and mitochondrial oxygen utilization by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and increasing energy expenditure by acting via MAPK11 to promote the UCP1-dependent thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue (PubMed:22307324, PubMed:18835931, PubMed:21672517, PubMed:15741263).
Binds the clearance receptor NPR3 which removes the hormone from circulation (PubMed:1672777).
Long-acting natriuretic peptide
May have a role in cardio-renal homeostasis through regulation of natriuresis, diuresis, vasodilation, and inhibiting aldosterone synthesis (PubMed:8653797, PubMed:7955907, PubMed:8087923, PubMed:2825692, PubMed:7595132, PubMed:2532366).
In vitro, promotes the production of cGMP and induces vasodilation (PubMed:2825692).
May promote natriuresis, at least in part, by enhancing prostaglandin E2 synthesis resulting in the inhibition of renal Na+-K+-ATPase (PubMed:7720651).
However reports on the involvement of this peptide in mammal blood volume and blood pressure homeostasis are conflicting; according to a report, in vivo it is not sufficient to activate cGMP and does not inhibit collecting duct transport nor effect diuresis and natriuresis (By similarity).
Appears to bind to specific receptors that are distinct from the receptors bound by atrial natriuretic peptide and vessel dilator (PubMed:2162527, PubMed:2825692).
Possibly enhances protein excretion in urine by decreasing proximal tubular protein reabsorption (PubMed:11145122).
Vessel dilator
May have a role in cardio-renal homeostasis through regulation of natriuresis, diuresis, and vasodilation (PubMed:8653797, PubMed:7955907, PubMed:8087923, PubMed:2532366, PubMed:7595132).
In vitro, promotes the production of cGMP and induces vasodilation (PubMed:2825692).
May promote natriuresis, at least in part, by enhancing prostaglandin E2 synthesis resulting in the inhibition of renal Na+-K+-ATPase (PubMed:7720651, PubMed:7595132).
However reports on the involvement of this peptide in mammal blood volume and blood pressure homeostasis are conflicting; according to a report it is not sufficient to activate cGMP and does not inhibit collecting duct transport nor effect diuresis and natriuresis (PubMed:7831500).
Appears to bind to specific receptors that are distinct from the receptors bound by the atrial natriuretic and long-acting natriuretic peptides (PubMed:2162527, PubMed:2825692).
Possibly functions in protein excretion in urine by maintaining the integrity of the proximal tubules and enhancing protein excretion by decreasing proximal tubular protein reabsorption (PubMed:11145122).
Kaliuretic peptide
May have a role in cardio-renal homeostasis through regulation of diuresis and inhibiting aldosterone synthesis (PubMed:8087923, PubMed:2825692, PubMed:7595132).
In vitro, promotes the production of cGMP and induces vasodilation (PubMed:2825692).
May promote natriuresis, at least in part, by enhancing prostaglandin E2 synthesis resulting in the inhibition of renal Na+-K+-ATPase (PubMed:7720651, PubMed:7595132).
May have a role in potassium excretion but not sodium excretion (natriuresis) (PubMed:8087923).
Possibly enhances protein excretion in urine by decreasing proximal tubular protein reabsorption (PubMed:11145122).
Hormone produced in the kidneys that appears to be important for maintaining cardio-renal homeostasis (PubMed:8351194, PubMed:8853410, PubMed:8779891).
Mediates vasodilation, natriuresis and diuresis primarily in the renal system, in order to maintain the extracellular fluid volume and control the fluid-electrolyte balance (PubMed:2528951, PubMed:8351194, PubMed:8853410, PubMed:8779891).
Specifically binds and stimulates cGMP production by renal transmembrane receptors, likely NPR1 (PubMed:8384600, PubMed:9893117).
Urodilatin not ANP, may be the natriuretic peptide responsible for the regulation of sodium and water homeostasis in the kidney (PubMed:8779891, PubMed:8384600).
Auriculin-D
May have a role in cardio-renal homeostasis through regulation of natriuresis and vasodilation. In vivo promotes natriuresis and in vitro, vasodilates renal artery strips.
Auriculin-B
May have a role in cardio-renal homeostasis through regulation of natriuresis and vasodilation. In vivo promotes natriuresis and in vitro, vasodilates renal artery strips.
Auriculin-A
May have a role in cardio-renal homeostasis through regulation of regulation of natriuresis and vasodilation. In vivo promotes natriuresis. In vitro, vasodilates intestinal smooth muscle but not smooth muscle strips.
Atriopeptin-2
May have a role in cardio-renal homeostasis through regulation of natriuresis and vasodilation. In vivo promotes natriuresis. In vitro, selectively vasodilates intestinal and vascular smooth muscle strips.
Atriopeptin-1
May have a role in cardio-renal homeostasis through regulation of natriuresis and vasodilation. In vivo promotes natriuresis. In vitro, selectively vasodilates intestinal smooth muscle but not vascular smooth muscle strips.

Aortic valve morphogenesisManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:BHF-UCL
Cardiac conduction system development1 PublicationNAS:BHF-UCL
Cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stressIEA:Ensembl
cGMP biosynthetic processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:GO_Central
cGMP-mediated signalingManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Female pregnancyISS:UniProtKB
Negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathwayIDA:UniProtKB
Negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathwayIDA:UniProtKB
Negative regulation of JUN kinase activityManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Negative regulation of systemic arterial blood pressureManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Neuropeptide signaling pathwayManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of cardiac muscle contractionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activityManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of heart rateManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membraneManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:BHF-UCL
Protein foldingManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:CAFA
Receptor guanylyl cyclase signaling pathwayManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarizationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Regulation of blood pressureManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channelBy SimilarityISS:BHF-UCL
Regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activityBy SimilarityISS:BHF-UCL
Response to muscle stretchManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:BHF-UCL
Sodium ion export across plasma membraneIEA:Ensembl
VasodilationIEA:UniProtKB-KW

Long-acting natriuretic peptide
Secreted
Detected in blood.
Vessel dilator
Secreted
Detected in blood.
Kaliuretic peptide
Secreted
Detected in blood.
Urodilatin
Secreted
Detected in urine (PubMed:2972874, PubMed:9794555, PubMed:8351194, PubMed:8779891).
Not detected in blood (PubMed:8351194).
Increased electrolytes, osmolality and intracellular cAMP levels increase peptide secretion/excretion (PubMed:9893117, PubMed:8853410, PubMed:8351194, PubMed:8779891).
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Secreted
Perikaryon
Cell projection
Detected in blood (PubMed:8351194, PubMed:8779891, PubMed:7955907, PubMed:8653797, PubMed:15741263, PubMed:18835931, PubMed:2532366, PubMed:7984506).
Detected in urine in one study (PubMed:8351194).
However, in another study, was not detected in urine (PubMed:7984506).
Detected in cytoplasmic bodies and neuronal processes of pyramidal neurons (layers II-VI) (PubMed:30534047).
Increased secretion in response to the vasopressin AVP (By similarity).
Likely to be secreted in response to an increase in atrial pressure or atrial stretch (PubMed:2532366).
In kidney cells, secretion increases in response to activated guanylyl cyclases and increased intracellular cAMP levels (PubMed:9893117).
Plasma levels increase 15 minutes after a high-salt meal, and decrease back to normal plasma levels 1 hr later (PubMed:8779891).
Atriopeptin-3
Secreted
Detected in blood. Slight increase in secretion in response to the vasopressin AVP.

Atrial standstill 2 (ATRST2):
A rare arrhythmia characterized by the absence of electrical and mechanical activity in the atria. Electrocardiographically, it is characterized by bradycardia, the absence of P waves, and a junctional narrow complex escape rhythm.
Atrial fibrillation, familial, 6 (ATFB6):
A familial form of atrial fibrillation, a common sustained cardiac rhythm disturbance. Atrial fibrillation is characterized by disorganized atrial electrical activity and ineffective atrial contraction promoting blood stasis in the atria and reduces ventricular filling. It can result in palpitations, syncope, thromboembolic stroke, and congestive heart failure.

The precursor molecule is proteolytically cleaved by CORIN at Arg-123 to produce atrial natriuretic peptide (PubMed:10880574, PubMed:14559895, PubMed:7984506).
Undergoes further proteolytic cleavage by unknown proteases to give rise to long-acting natriuretic peptide, vessel dilator and kaliuretic peptide (PubMed:2532366, PubMed:7955907, PubMed:7984506).
Additional processing gives rise to the auriculin and atriopeptin peptides (By similarity).
In the kidneys, alternative processing by an unknown protease results in the peptide urodilatin (PubMed:2972874, PubMed:8351194, PubMed:9794555).
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Cleavage by MME initiates degradation of the factor and thereby regulates its activity (PubMed:2972276, PubMed:16254193).
Degraded by IDE (in vitro) (PubMed:21098034).
During IDE degradation, the resulting products can temporarily stimulate NPR2 to produce cGMP, before the fragments are completely degraded and inactivated by IDE (in vitro) (PubMed:21098034).
Urodilatin
Degraded by IDE.
Urodilatin
Phosphorylation on Ser-129 decreases vasorelaxant activity.