ATG12

Autophagy is a process of bulk protein degradation in which cytoplasmic components, including organelles, are enclosed in double-membrane structures called autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes or vacuoles for degradation. ATG12 is the human homolog of a yeast protein involved in autophagy (Mizushima et al., 1998 [PubMed 9852036]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

Autophagy Related 12

Ubiquitin-like protein involved in autophagy vesicles formation. Conjugation with ATG5 through a ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving also ATG7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and ATG10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate acts as an E3-like enzyme which is required for lipidation of ATG8 family proteins and their association to the vesicle membranes.
(Microbial infection) May act as a proviral factor. In association with ATG5, negatively regulates the innate antiviral immune response by impairing the type I IFN production pathway upon vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection (PubMed:17709747).
Required for the translation of incoming hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA and, thereby, for the initiation of HCV replication, but not required once infection is established (PubMed:19666601).

Autophagosome assembly Source: UniProtKB
Autophagy of mitochondrion Source: GO_Central
Autophagy of nucleus Source: GO_Central
C-terminal protein lipidation Source: GO_Central
Macroautophagy Source: Reactome
Viral process Source: UniProtKB-KW

Cytoplasm; Preautophagosomal structure membrane. TECPR1 recruits the ATG12-ATG5 conjugate to the autolysosomal membrane.

Acetylated by EP300.