HK1 Antibodies

Structure of HK1

Hexokinase 1 encoded by the HK1 gene is a cytoplasmic enzyme with a molecular weight of approximately 100 kDa. This protein has highly conserved catalytic domains among different species, and its molecular weight fluctuates slightly due to subtype differences caused by selective splicing of transcripts.

This protein is composed of approximately 917 amino acids. Its N-terminal domain mediates the interaction with the outer mitochondrial membrane, while the C-terminal forms a typical glucose and ATP binding pocket. The active center catalyzes glucose phosphorylation through a highly conserved conformational change of the glucose-binding loop (G-loop), and this mechanism is of crucial significance in the energy metabolism of eukaryotes.

Fig. 1 Schematic representation of the HK1 protein domains and transcripts.¹

Key structural properties of HK1:

• Globular protein consisting of two major domains, N-terminal and C-terminal
• The active center is located in the interdomain fissure and contains a highly conserved glucose-binding ring
• As the typical combination of motif and ATP glucose recognition site
• The N-terminal domain mediates its specific binding to the mitochondrial outer membrane

Functions of HK1

The core function of the protein encoded by the HK1 gene is to catalyze the phosphorylation of glucose. In addition, it is also involved in a variety of cellular processes, including energy metabolism regulation and cell survival signaling pathways.

Hexokinase 1 has an extremely high affinity for glucose (Km value less than 0.1mM), and its activity is inhibited by the reverse inhibition of the product glucose-6-phosphate. This regulatory mechanism ensures precise steady-state control of glucose metabolism.

Applications of HK1 and HK1 Antibody in Literature

1. Bennett, Jasmin J., et al. "Non-coding cis-regulatory variants in HK1 cause congenital hyperinsulinism with variable disease severity." Genome Medicine 17.1 (2025): 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-025-01440-w

Research has found that non-coding variations in the regulatory region of the HK1 gene are an important cause of congenital hyperinsulinemia, with a detection rate of 5% in patients of unknown cause. The clinical manifestations of this disease are diverse, ranging from refractory hypoglycemia in neonates to asymptomatic conditions in adults.

2. Yuan, Zhisheng, et al. "The phenotypic variability of HK1-associated retinal dystrophy." Scientific reports 7.1 (2017): 7051. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07629-3

Research has found that the p.E851K variant of the HK1 gene not only leads to retinitis pigmentosa but also causes macular dystrophy and cone cell dystrophy mainly characterized by damage to cone cells, revealing for the first time the pleiotropic phenotypic characteristics of this pathogenic gene.

3. Danquah, Bright D., et al. "Mass Spectrometric analysis of antibody—Epitope peptide complex dissociation: Theoretical concept and practical procedure of binding strength characterization." Molecules 25.20 (2020): 4776. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-022-00642-5

This article utilizes mass spectrometry to characterize the binding strength and dissociation dynamics of myoglobin and its antibody-epitope complexes, providing a methodological framework for quantifying protein-ligand interactions and advancing epitope mapping in antibody research.

4. Pasternack, Helen, et al. "Proteomic analyses identify HK1 and ATP5A to be overexpressed in distant metastases of lung adenocarcinomas compared to matched primary tumors." Scientific Reports 13.1 (2023): 20948. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-47767-5

Research has found that in the metastatic lesions of advanced lung adenocarcinoma, the expressions of HK1 and ATP5A proteins are significantly upregulated. This discovery reveals the protein characteristics of tumor metastasis and provides a new perspective for understanding disease progression.

5. Moghadam, Masoumeh Goleyjani, et al. "Expanding the Molecular Spectrum of HK1-Related Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Type 4G; the First Report in Iran." Archives of Iranian medicine 26.5 (2023): 279. https://doi.org/10.34172/aim.2023.43

The article indicates that the first Iranian patient with CMT4G has been diagnosed, carrying a novel mutation of the HK1 gene, c.19C>T. This discovery expands the pathogenic mutation spectrum of CMT4G, confirming that it can occur in non-Roma populations and that this mutation may be prevalent in the Middle East.

Creative Biolabs: HK1 Antibodies for Research

Creative Biolabs specializes in the production of high-quality HK1 antibodies for research and industrial applications. Our portfolio includes monoclonal antibodies tailored for ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and other diagnostic methodologies.

• Custom HK1 Antibody Development: Tailor-made solutions to meet specific research requirements.
• Bulk Production: Large-scale antibody manufacturing for industry partners.
• Technical Support: Expert consultation for protocol optimization and troubleshooting.
• Aliquoting Services: Conveniently sized aliquots for long-term storage and consistent experimental outcomes.

For more details on our HK1 antibodies, custom preparations, or technical support, contact us at email.