IL36B

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. Protein structure modeling indicated that this cytokine may contain a 12-stranded beta-trefoil structure that is conserved between IL1A (IL-A alpha) and IL1B (IL-1 beta). This gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Full Name

Interleukin 36 Beta

Function

Cytokine that binds to and signals through the IL1RL2/IL-36R receptor which in turn activates NF-kappa-B and MAPK signaling pathways in target cells linked to a pro-inflammatory response. Part of the IL-36 signaling system that is thought to be present in epithelial barriers and to take part in local inflammatory response; similar to the IL-1 system with which it shares the coreceptor IL1RAP. Stimulates production of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in synovial fibrobasts, articular chondrocytes and mature adipocytes. Induces expression of a number of antimicrobial peptides including beta-defensins 4 and 103 as well as a number of matrix metalloproteases. Seems to be involved in skin inflammatory response by acting on keratinocytes, dendritic cells and indirectly on T-cells to drive tissue infiltration, cell maturation and cell proliferation. In cultured keratinocytes induces the expression of macrophage, T-cell, and neutrophil chemokines, such as CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL2, CCL17, CCL22, CL20, CCL5, CCL2, CCL17, CCL22, CXCL8, CCL20 and CXCL1, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-8 and IL-6.

Biological Process

Cellular response to lipopolysaccharideManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Cytokine-mediated signaling pathwayManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Immune response1 PublicationNAS:UniProtKB
Inflammatory responseManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Inflammatory response to antigenic stimulusManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Innate immune responseIEA:UniProtKB-KW
Positive regulation of gene expressionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Positive regulation of T cell differentiationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central

Cellular Location

Cytoplasm; Secreted. The secretion is dependent on protein unfolding and facilitated by the cargo receptor TMED10; it results in protein translocation from the cytoplasm into the ERGIC (endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment) followed by vesicle entry and secretion.

PTM

N-terminal truncation leads to a dramatic enhancement of its activity (>1000-fold).