PILRA

Cell signaling pathways rely on a dynamic interaction between activating and inhibiting processes. SHP-1-mediated dephosphorylation of protein tyrosine residues is central to the regulation of several cell signaling pathways. Two types of inhibitory receptor superfamily members are immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM)-bearing receptors and their non-ITIM-bearing, activating counterparts. Control of cell signaling via SHP-1 is thought to occur through a balance between PILRalpha-mediated inhibition and PILRbeta-mediated activation. These paired immunoglobulin-like receptor genes are located in a tandem head-to-tail orientation on chromosome 7. This particular gene encodes the ITIM-bearing member of the receptor pair, which functions in the inhibitory role. Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus and three variants, each encoding a distinct isoform, are described. [provided by RefSeq]

Full Name

paired immunoglobin-like type 2 receptor alpha

Function

Paired receptors consist of highly related activating and inhibitory receptors and are widely involved in the regulation of the immune system. PILRA is thought to act as a cellular signaling inhibitory receptor by recruiting cytoplasmic phosphatases like PTPN6/SHP-1 and PTPN11/SHP-2 via their SH2 domains that block signal transduction through dephosphorylation of signaling molecules. Receptor for PIANP.
(Microbial infection) Acts as an entry co-receptor for herpes simplex virus 1.

Biological Process

Signal transductionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:MGI

Cellular Location

Isoform 1
Cell membrane
Isoform 2
Cell membrane
Isoform 3
Secreted
Isoform 4
Secreted

Topology

Extracellular: 20-197
Helical: 198-218
Cytoplasmic: 219-303

PTM

According to PubMed:10660620, N- and O-glycosylated. According to PubMed:10903717, only N-glycosylated.
Phosphorylated on tyrosine residues.