PTPRS

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP contains an extracellular region, a single transmembrane segment and two tandem intracytoplasmic catalytic domains, and thus represents a receptor-type PTP. The extracellular region of this protein is composed of multiple Ig-like and fibronectin type III-like domains. Studies of the similar gene in mice suggested that this PTP may be involved in cell-cell interaction, primary axonogenesis, and axon guidance during embryogenesis. This PTP has been also implicated in the molecular control of adult nerve repair. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants, which encode distinct proteins, have been reported. [provided by RefSeq]

protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, S

Cell surface receptor that binds to glycosaminoglycans, including chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and heparan sulfate proteoglycan (PubMed:21454754).
Binding to chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate proteoglycans has opposite effects on PTPRS oligomerization and regulation of neurite outgrowth. Contributes to the inhibition of neurite and axonal outgrowth by chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, also after nerve transection. Plays a role in stimulating neurite outgrowth in response to the heparan sulfate proteoglycan GPC2. Required for normal brain development, especially for normal development of the pituitary gland and the olfactory bulb. Functions as tyrosine phosphatase (PubMed:8524829).
Mediates dephosphorylation of NTRK1, NTRK2 and NTRK3 (By similarity).
Plays a role in down-regulation of signaling cascades that lead to the activation of Akt and MAP kinases (By similarity).
Down-regulates TLR9-mediated activation of NF-kappa-B, as well as production of TNF, interferon alpha and interferon beta (PubMed:26231120).

Negative regulation of axon extensionISS:UniProtKB
Negative regulation of axon regenerationISS:UniProtKB
Negative regulation of collateral sproutingISS:UniProtKB
Negative regulation of dendritic spine developmentISS:UniProtKB
Negative regulation of interferon-alpha productionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Negative regulation of interferon-beta productionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Negative regulation of neuron projection developmentISS:UniProtKB
Negative regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathwayManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylationISS:UniProtKB
Protein dephosphorylationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Synaptic membrane adhesionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:SynGO

Cell membrane
Cell projection, axon
Perikaryon
Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, synaptic vesicle membrane
Synapse, synaptosome
Postsynaptic density
Cell projection, neuron projection
Cell projection, growth cone
Is rapidly internalized when dendritic cells are stimulated with the TLR9 ligand cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) (PubMed:26231120).
Detected in a punctate pattern along neurites and axon growth cones (By similarity).

Extracellular: 30-1282
Helical: 1283-1303
Cytoplasmic: 1304-1948

A cleavage occurs, separating the extracellular domain from the transmembrane segment. This process called 'ectodomain shedding' is thought to be involved in receptor desensitization, signal transduction and/or membrane localization (By similarity).