SYT11

This gene is a member of the synaptotagmin gene family and encodes a protein similar to other family members that are known calcium sensors and mediate calcium-dependent regulation of membrane trafficking in synaptic transmission. The encoded protein is also a substrate for ubiquitin-E3-ligase parkin. The gene has previously been referred to as synaptotagmin XII but has been renamed synaptotagmin XI to be consistent with mouse and rat official nomenclature.

Full Name

synaptotagmin XI

Function

Synaptotagmin family member involved in vesicular and membrane trafficking which does not bind Ca2+. Inhibits clathrin-mediated and bulk endocytosis, functions to ensure precision in vesicle retrieval. Plays an important role in dopamine transmission by regulating endocytosis and the vesicle-recycling process. Essential component of a neuronal vesicular trafficking pathway that differs from the synaptic vesicle trafficking pathway but is crucial for development and synaptic plasticity. In macrophages and microglia, inhibits the conventional cytokine secretion, of at least IL6 and TNF, and phagocytosis. In astrocytes, regulates lysosome exocytosis, mechanism required for the repair of injured astrocyte cell membrane (By similarity).
Required for the ATP13A2-mediated regulation of the autophagy-lysosome pathway (PubMed:27278822).

Biological Process

Biological Process autophagyIMP:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process calcium ion regulated lysosome exocytosisISS:ParkinsonsUK-UCL
Biological Process calcium-ion regulated exocytosisIBA:GO_Central1 Publication
Biological Process cellular response to calcium ionIBA:GO_Central1 Publication
Biological Process establishment of vesicle localizationISS:UniProtKB
Biological Process learningISS:UniProtKB
Biological Process memoryISS:UniProtKB
Biological Process negative regulation of cytokine productionISS:UniProtKB
Biological Process negative regulation of dopamine secretionISS:UniProtKB
Biological Process negative regulation of endocytosisISS:UniProtKB
Biological Process negative regulation of interleukin-6 productionISS:UniProtKB
Biological Process negative regulation of microglial cell activationISS:UniProtKB
Biological Process negative regulation of neurotransmitter secretionTAS:ParkinsonsUK-UCL1 Publication
Biological Process negative regulation of phagocytosisISS:UniProtKB
Biological Process negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor productionISS:UniProtKB
Biological Process plasma membrane repairISS:ParkinsonsUK-UCL
Biological Process positive regulation of protein localization to phagocytic vesicleISS:ParkinsonsUK-UCL
Biological Process regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosisIBA:GO_Central1 Publication
Biological Process regulation of defense response to bacteriumIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process regulation of dopamine secretionIBA:GO_Central1 Publication
Biological Process regulation of phagosome maturationIC:ParkinsonsUK-UCL
Biological Process vesicle fusionIBA:GO_Central1 Publication
Biological Process vesicle-mediated transportIBA:GO_Central1 Publication

Cellular Location

Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
Perikaryon
Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network membrane
Recycling endosome membrane
Lysosome membrane
Cytoplasmic vesicle, phagosome
Cell projection, axon
Cell projection, dendrite
Postsynaptic density
Recycling endosome membrane
Cytoplasmic vesicle, clathrin-coated vesicle membrane
Perikaryon
Localized in vesicles that travels in axonal and dendritic shafts in both anterograde and retrograde directions. In macrophages and microglia, recruited in phagosomes at early stages of phagocytosis (By similarity).
Found in the core of the Lewy bodies in the brain of sporadic Parkinson disease patients (PubMed:12925569).

Topology

Vesicular: 1-15
Helical: 16-36
Cytoplasmic: 37-431

PTM

Ubiquitinated, at least by PRKN, and targeted to the proteasome complex for degradation (PubMed:12925569, PubMed:27278822).
Ubiquitination is inhibited by ATP13A2 (PubMed:27278822).