UCP2

Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCP) are members of the larger family of mitochondrial anion carrier proteins (MACP). UCPs separate oxidative phosphorylation from ATP synthesis with energy dissipated as heat, also referred to as the mitochondrial proton leak. UCPs facilitate the transfer of anions from the inner to the outer mitochondrial membrane and the return transfer of protons from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane. They also reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential in mammalian cells. Tissue specificity occurs for the different UCPs and the exact methods of how UCPs transfer H+/OH- are not known. UCPs contain the three homologous protein domains of MACPs. This gene is expressed in many tissues, with the greatest expression in skeletal muscle. It is thought to play a role in nonshivering thermogenesis, obesity and diabetes. Chromosomal order is 5'-UCP3-UCP2-3'. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Full Name

Uncoupling Protein 2

Function

UCP are mitochondrial transporter proteins that create proton leaks across the inner mitochondrial membrane, thus uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation from ATP synthesis. As a result, energy is dissipated in the form of heat.

Biological Process

Biological Process adaptive thermogenesis Source:GO_Central1 Publication
Biological Process aging Source:Ensembl
Biological Process cellular response to amino acid starvation Source:Ensembl
Biological Process cellular response to glucose stimulus Source:Ensembl
Biological Process cellular response to insulin stimulus Source:Ensembl
Biological Process female pregnancy Source:Ensembl
Biological Process liver regeneration Source:Ensembl
Biological Process mitochondrial transmembrane transport Source:GO_Central1 Publication
Biological Process mitochondrial transport Source:Ensembl
Biological Process negative regulation of apoptotic process Source:Ensembl
Biological Process negative regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus Source:Ensembl
Biological Process positive regulation of cell death Source:Ensembl
Biological Process positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis Source:YuBioLabBy Similarity
Biological Process proton transmembrane transport Source:ProtInc1 Publication
Biological Process regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential Source:Ensembl
Biological Process response to cold Source:GO_Central1 Publication
Biological Process response to fatty acid Source:Ensembl
Biological Process response to hypoxia Source:CACAO1 Publication
Biological Process response to superoxide Source:Ensembl

Cellular Location

Mitochondrion inner membrane

Topology

Mitochondrial intermembrane: 1-10
Helical: 11-32
Mitochondrial matrix: 33-77
Helical: 78-100
Mitochondrial intermembrane: 101-119
Helical: 120-136
Mitochondrial matrix: 137-180
Helical: 181-197
Mitochondrial intermembrane: 198-214
Helical: 215-234
Mitochondrial matrix: 235-268
Helical: 269-291
Mitochondrial intermembrane: 292-309