ADORA2A

This gene encodes a member of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, which is subdivided into classes and subtypes. The receptors are seven-pass transmembrane proteins that respond to extracellular cues and activate intracellular signal transduction pathways. This protein, an adenosine receptor of A2A subtype, uses adenosine as the preferred endogenous agonist and preferentially interacts with the G(s) and G(olf) family of G proteins to increase intracellular cAMP levels. It plays an important role in many biological functions, such as cardiac rhythm and circulation, cerebral and renal blood flow, immune function, pain regulation, and sleep. It has been implicated in pathophysiological conditions such as inflammatory diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A read-through transcript composed of the upstream SPECC1L (sperm antigen with calponin homology and coiled-coil domains 1-like) and ADORA2A (adenosine A2a receptor) gene sequence has been identified, but it is thought to be non-coding. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013]

Full Name

Adenosine A2a Receptor

Function

Receptor for adenosine (By similarity). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase (By similarity).

Biological Process

Adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
Adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
Apoptotic process
Astrocyte activation
Blood circulation
Blood coagulation
Cell-cell signaling
Cellular defense response
Cellular protein metabolic process
Central nervous system development
Eating behavior
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
Inflammatory response
Locomotory behavior
Membrane depolarization
Negative regulation of cell population proliferation
Negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
Negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
Negative regulation of locomotion
Negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process
Negative regulation of protein kinase activity
Negative regulation of vascular permeability
Neuron projection morphogenesis
Phagocytosis
Positive regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission
Positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
Positive regulation of glutamate secretion
Positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation
Positive regulation of protein secretion
Positive regulation of renal sodium excretion
Positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
Positive regulation of urine volume
Prepulse inhibition
Protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
Regulation of calcium ion transport
Regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential
Regulation of norepinephrine secretion
Regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis
Regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
Response to caffeine
Response to drug
Sensory perception
Synaptic transmission, cholinergic
Synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
Vasodilation

Cellular Location

Cell membrane. Colocalizes with GAS2L2 at neuronal processes.

Topology

Extracellular: 1-7 aa
Helical: 8-32 aa
Cytoplasmic: 33-42 aa
Helical: 43-66 aa
Extracellular: 67-77 aa
Helical: 78-100 aa
Cytoplasmic: 101-120 aa
Helical: 121-143 aa
Extracellular: 144-173 aa
Helical: 174-198 aa
Cytoplasmic: 199-234 aa
Helical: 235-258 aa
Extracellular: 259-266 aa
Helical: 267-290 aa
Cytoplasmic: 291-412 aa

PTM

Ubiquitinated. Deubiquitinated by USP4; leading to stabilization and expression at the cell surface.