ARHGAP31

This gene encodes a GTPase-activating protein (GAP). A variety of cellular processes are regulated by Rho GTPases which cycle between an inactive form bound to GDP and an active form bound to GTP. This cycling between inactive and active forms is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors and GAPs. The encoded protein is a GAP shown to regulate two GTPases involved in protein trafficking and cell growth. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Full Name

Rho GTPase Activating Protein 31

Function

Functions as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for RAC1 and CDC42. Required for cell spreading, polarized lamellipodia formation and cell migration.

Biological Process

Regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction Source: Reactome
Small GTPase mediated signal transduction Source: GO_Central

Cellular Location

Lamellipodium; Focal adhesion

Involvement in disease

Adams-Oliver syndrome 1 (AOS1): A disorder characterized by the congenital absence of skin (aplasia cutis congenita) in combination with transverse limb defects. Aplasia cutis congenita can be located anywhere on the body, but in the vast majority of the cases, it is present on the posterior parietal region where it is often associated with an underlying defect of the parietal bones. Limb abnormalities are typically limb truncation defects affecting the distal phalanges or entire digits (true ectrodactyly). Only rarely, metatarsals/metacarpals or more proximal limb structures are also affected. Apart from transverse limb defects, syndactyly, most commonly of second and third toes, can also be observed. The clinical features are highly variable and can also include cardiovascular malformations, brain abnormalities and vascular defects such as cutis marmorata and dilated scalp veins.

PTM

Phosphorylation on Thr-789 reduces GAP activity.