CHTOP

This gene encodes a small nuclear protein that is characterized by an arginine and glycine rich region. This protein may have an important role in the regulation of fetal globin gene expression and in the activation of estrogen-responsive genes. A recent study reported that this protein binds 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and associates with an arginine methyltransferase complex (methylosome), which promotes methylation of arginine 3 of histone H4 (H4R3) and activation of genes involved in glioblastomagenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]

Full Name

Chromatin Target Of PRMT1

Function

Plays an important role in the ligand-dependent activation of estrogen receptor target genes (PubMed:19858291).

May play a role in the silencing of fetal globin genes (PubMed:20688955).

Recruits the 5FMC complex to ZNF148, leading to desumoylation of ZNF148 and subsequent transactivation of ZNF148 target genes (By similarity).

Plays an important role in the tumorigenicity of glioblastoma cells. Binds to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and associates with the methylosome complex containing PRMT1, PRMT5, MEP50 and ERH. The CHTOP-methylosome complex associated with 5hmC is recruited to selective sites on the chromosome, where it methylates H4R3 and activates the transcription of genes involved in glioblastomagenesis (PubMed:25284789).

Required for effective mRNA nuclear export and is a component of the TREX complex which is thought to couple mRNA transcription, processing and nuclear export, and specifically associates with spliced mRNA and not with unspliced pre-mRNA. TREX is recruited to spliced mRNAs by a transcription-independent mechanism, binds to mRNA upstream of the exon-junction complex (EJC) and is recruited in a splicing- and cap-dependent manner to a region near the 5' end of the mRNA where it functions in mRNA export to the cytoplasm via the TAP/NFX1 pathway. The TREX complex is essential for the export of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) intronless mRNAs and infectious virus production. Stimulates DDX39B ATPase and helicase activities. In cooperation with ALYREF/THOC4 enhances NXF1 RNA binding activity (PubMed:23299939).

Biological Process

In utero embryonic development Source: Ensembl
mRNA 3'-end processing Source: Reactome
mRNA export from nucleus Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of ATPase activity Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of cell population proliferation Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of helicase activity Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of histone methylation Source: UniProtKB
RNA export from nucleus Source: Reactome

Cellular Location

Nucleus; Nucleolus; Nucleoplasm; Nucleus speckle. Mostly associated with facultative heterochromatin (By similarity). Localizes to regions surrounding nuclear speckles known as perispeckles in which TREX complex assembly seems to occur (PubMed:23826332).

PTM

Asymmetrically methylated by PRMT1 (PubMed:25284789). Symmetrically methylated by PRMT5 (By similarity).