EGLN3

EGLN3 (Egl-9 Family Hypoxia Inducible Factor 3) is a protein coding gene. Diseases associated with EGLN3 include Hypoxia and Chronic Mountain Sickness. Among its related pathways are ErbB signaling pathway and CDK-mediated phosphorylation and removal of Cdc6. Gene Ontology annotations related to this gene include oxidoreductase activity and oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen. An important paralog of this gene is EGLN1.

egl nine homolog 3 (C. elegans)

Prolyl hydroxylase that mediates hydroxylation of proline residues in target proteins, such as PKM, TELO2, ATF4 and HIF1A (PubMed:19584355, PubMed:21620138, PubMed:21483450, PubMed:22797300, PubMed:20978507, PubMed:21575608).

Target proteins are preferentially recognized via a LXXLAP motif. Cellular oxygen sensor that catalyzes, under normoxic conditions, the post-translational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) alpha proteins (PubMed:11595184, PubMed:12181324).

Hydroxylates a specific proline found in each of the oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD) domains (N-terminal, NODD, and C-terminal, CODD) of HIF1A (PubMed:11595184, PubMed:12181324).

Also hydroxylates HIF2A (PubMed:11595184, PubMed:12181324).

Has a preference for the CODD site for both HIF1A and HIF2A (PubMed:11595184, PubMed:12181324).

Hydroxylation on the NODD site by EGLN3 appears to require prior hydroxylation on the CODD site (PubMed:11595184, PubMed:12181324).

Hydroxylated HIFs are then targeted for proteasomal degradation via the von Hippel-Lindau ubiquitination complex (PubMed:11595184, PubMed:12181324).

Under hypoxic conditions, the hydroxylation reaction is attenuated allowing HIFs to escape degradation resulting in their translocation to the nucleus, heterodimerization with HIF1B, and increased expression of hypoxy-inducible genes (PubMed:11595184, PubMed:12181324).

ELGN3 is the most important isozyme in limiting physiological activation of HIFs (particularly HIF2A) in hypoxia. Also hydroxylates PKM in hypoxia, limiting glycolysis (PubMed:21620138, PubMed:21483450).

Under normoxia, hydroxylates and regulates the stability of ADRB2 (PubMed:19584355).

Regulator of cardiomyocyte and neuronal apoptosis. In cardiomyocytes, inhibits the anti-apoptotic effect of BCL2 by disrupting the BAX-BCL2 complex (PubMed:20849813).

In neurons, has a NGF-induced proapoptotic effect, probably through regulating CASP3 activity (PubMed:16098468).

Also essential for hypoxic regulation of neutrophilic inflammation (PubMed:21317538).

Plays a crucial role in DNA damage response (DDR) by hydroxylating TELO2, promoting its interaction with ATR which is required for activation of the ATR/CHK1/p53 pathway (PubMed:22797300).

Also mediates hydroxylation of ATF4, leading to decreased protein stability of ATF4 (Probable).

Activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process Source: UniProtKB
Apoptotic process Source: UniProtKB
Cellular response to DNA damage stimulus Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular response to hypoxia Source: GO_Central
Peptidyl-proline hydroxylation to 4-hydroxy-L-proline Source: FlyBase
Protein hydroxylation Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of cell population proliferation Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of neuron apoptotic process Source: UniProtKB
Response to hypoxia Source: UniProtKB

Nucleus; Cytoplasm. Colocalizes with WDR83 in the cytoplasm.

Ubiquitinated by SIAH1 and/or SIAH2 in response to the unfolded protein response (UPR), leading to its degradation.